Thermally responsive conjugates for DNA polymerase inhibition
A method of amplifying a target nucleic acid in a DNA sample comprising (a) contacting the DNA sample containing the target nucleic acid with a DNA polymerase, at least two oligonucleotide primers designed to flank the target nucleic acid, a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP, and a conjugate comprising a DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached to a negative temperature sensitive polymer, (b) heating the output of step (a) to a temperature at which the conjugate precipitates and thus the DNA polymerase is no longer inhibited and (c) amplifying the target nucleic acid, e.g. by performing PCR steps of denaturing the target nucleic acid, annealing the primers to the target nucleic acid, and extending the primers, wherein step (c) is repeated at least two times. Also provided is a conjugate comprising a DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached to a negative temperature sensitive polymer and kits and aqueous compositions comprising the same.
1. A method of amplifying a target nucleic acid in a DNA sample comprising:
(a) contacting the DNA sample containing the target nucleic acid with:
(i) a DNA polymerase,
(ii) at least two oligonucleotide primers designed to flank the target nucleic acid,
(iii) a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP, and
(iv) a conjugate comprising a DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached to a negative temperature sensitive polymer,
(b) heating the output of step (a) to a temperature at which the conjugate precipitates and thus the DNA polymerase is no longer inhibited, and
(c) amplifying the target nucleic acid by performing PCR steps of denaturing the target nucleic acid, annealing the primers to the target nucleic acid, and extending the primers wherein step (c) is repeated at least two times.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA polymerase inhibitor is vidarabine, neobavaisoflavone, hexaprenylhydroquinone, aphidicolin or mithramycin A.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the negative temperature sensitive polymer is selected from:
(i) Poly(N-substituted acrylamide) s and its derivatives,
(ii) Poly(methyl vinyl ether),
(iii) Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam),
(iv) Poly(2-substituted 2-oxazoline) s and its derivatives,
(v) Poly(2-substituted 2-oxazine) s and its derivatives,
(vi) Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,
(vii) Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose,
(viii) Hydroxyethyl cellulose,
(ix) Poly(asparagine) s and its derivatives, and
(x) PNIPMAM.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate precipitates at a temperature between 35° C. and 65° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein 1° C. above the precipitation temperature, 10% or less of the conjugate is in solution and 1° C. below the precipitation temperature, 90% or more of the conjugate is in solution.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate comprises the DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached at or near a terminus of the negative temperature sensitive polymer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA polymerase is Taq polymerase.
8. A kit comprising
(a) a DNA polymerase, and
(b) a conjugate comprising a DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached to a negative temperature sensitive polymer.
9. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the conjugate precipitates at a temperature between 35° C. and 65° C.
10. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the DNA polymerase inhibitor is vidarabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, neobavaisoflavone, hexaprenylhydroquinone, abacavir hemisulfate, aphidicolin, mithramycin A or tenofovir.
11. The kit of claim 9 , wherein 1° C. above the precipitation temperature, 10% or less of the conjugate is in solution and 1° C. below the precipitation temperature, 90% or more of the conjugate is in solution.
12. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the conjugate comprises the DNA polymerase inhibitor covalently attached at or near a terminus of the negative temperature sensitive polymer.
13. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the DNA polymerase is Taq polymerase.
14. A method of reverse transcribing RNA comprising:
(a) contacting an RNA sample with
(i) a reverse transcriptase
(ii) at least one primer
(iii) a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP
(iv) a conjugate comprising a reverse transcriptase inhibitor covalently attached to a negative temperature sensitive polymer,
(b) heating the output of step (a) to a temperature at which the conjugate precipitates and thus the reverse transcriptase is no longer inhibited, and
(c) incubating the output of step (b) for a sufficient time to allow reverse transcription to occur.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the reverse transcriptase inhibitor is lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir hemisulfate or tenofovir.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reverse transcriptase inhibitor is zidovudine.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the negative temperature sensitive polymer is selected from:
(i) Poly(N-substituted acrylamide) s and its derivatives,
(ii) Poly(methyl vinyl ether),
(iii) Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam),
(iv) Poly(2-substituted 2-oxazoline) s and its derivatives,
(v) Poly(2-substituted 2-oxazine) s and its derivatives,
(vi) Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,
(vii) Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose,
(viii) Hydroxyethyl cellulose,
(ix) Poly(asparagine) s and its derivatives, and
(x) PNiPMAM.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the negative temperature sensitive polymer is PNiPMAM.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the conjugate precipitates at a temperature of between 35° C. and 65° C.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the time in step (c) is 30 minutes.