Emission control catalyst article with enriched PGM zone, method and apparatus to produce the same
The presently claimed invention provides an emission control catalyst article comprising a substrate having an inlet axial end and an outlet axial end, a bottom washcoat layer coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end, and a top washcoat layer coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet or the outlet or both end of the substrate such that the top coat covers at least 60% of the length of the bottom washcoat layer, wherein at least part of the top washcoat layer and/or the bottom washcoat layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion begins at the inlet axial end or the outlet axial end of the substrate and exhibits a platinum group metal concentration of 2 to 100 times higher than the concentration of a platinum group metal in the second portion, wherein the first portion comprises 5-50% of the substrate volume and exhibits a three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end of the substrate or the outlet axial end or both, wherein the platinum group metal loading in the first portion is 10 to 1000 g/ft, as determined axially from a first end of the first portion to a second end of the first portion. The platinum group metal of the first portion is deposited by spraying a platin group metal precursor solution using an apparatus comprising a spray nozzle connected to the dosing unit via a second supply tube, a control arm device connected to the spray nozzle, wherein said control arm device is adapted to allow the 3-D positioning of the nozzle relative to a substrate face and adapt the radial and/or axial deposition of the platinum group metal within the individual channels.
1 . An emission control catalyst article comprising:
a substrate having an inlet axial end and an outlet axial end,
a bottom washcoat layer coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end, and
a top washcoat layer coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet axial end or the outlet axial end or both ends of the substrate such that the top coat covers at least 60% of the length of the bottom washcoat layer,
wherein at least part of the top washcoat layer and/or the bottom washcoat layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion begins at the inlet axial end or the outlet axial end of the substrate and exhibits a platinum group metal concentration of 2 to 100 times higher than the concentration of a platinum group metal in the second portion,
wherein the first portion comprises 5-50% of the substrate volume and exhibits a three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end of the substrate or the outlet axial end or both,
wherein the platinum group metal loading in the first portion is 10 to 1000 g/ft 3 , as determined axially from a first end of the first portion to a second end of the first portion;
wherein 50% or more of platinum group metal in the first portion exists in the top one-third portion of the depth of the first portion, as determined by an electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) line scan from a top layer of the first portion to the substrate.
2 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end or the outlet axial end or both is a geometric shape having a base covering from 20 to 100% of a substrate face from the respective substrate end and volume from 5 and 50% of the substrate volume.
3 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement comprises a geometric shape selected from a cone, a tapered cone, an asymmetric cone, a round cylinder, an elliptic cylinder, a polygonic cylinder, a round pyramid, an elliptic pyramid, a polygonic pyramid, a cuboid, a paraboloid, a half-ellipsoid, a semi-sphere, a polygonic prism, a parallelepiped, a rhombohedron, a polyhedron and a hyperboloid.
4 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end or the outlet end or both with a geometric shape is being created through axial, radial or simultaneous axial and radial coating of the substrate using a spray nozzle or an apparatus comprising a spray nozzle.
5 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion is an enrichment zone formed by coating at least a portion of the top washcoat layer and/or the bottom washcoat layer, which is optionally pre-loaded with a platinum group metal on the total length of the substrate, with an additional platinum group metal solution that is deposited in a nebulized form.
6 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium and a combination thereof.
7 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion has an axial length ranging from 5-50% of the substrate from the inlet end or the outlet end and covers 20-100% of a substrate inlet or outlet face such that the total volume of a formed geometric shape is from 5 to 50% of the substrate volume.
8 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein at least 40-100% of platinum group metal in the first portion is distributed with a gradient no more than 50% between the highest and lowest platinum concentration values through the washcoat within the first portion, as determined by an electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) line scan from a top layer of the first portion to the substrate.
9 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein 50% to 95% of platinum group metal in the first portion exists in a top one-third portion of the depth of the first portion, as determined by an electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) line scan from a top layer of the first portion to the substrate.
10 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises palladium.
11 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises platinum.
12 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises rhodium.
13 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the article comprises:
a bottom washcoat layer comprising palladium impregnated on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof, coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end; and
a top washcoat layer comprising rhodium, platinum, palladium or a combination thereof impregnated on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof, coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from either the inlet or the outlet end of the substrate such that the top coat covers at least 60% of the length of the bottom washcoat layer,
wherein at least part of the top washcoat layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion begins at an inlet axial end of the substrate and comprises palladium or platinum optionally supported on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of palladium or platinum in the first portion is 2 to 100 times higher than the concentration of palladium or platinum in the second portion, wherein the first portion comprises 5-50% of the substrate volume and exhibits a three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end of the substrate or the outlet axial end or both,
wherein the platinum group metal loading in the first portion is 10 to 1000 g/ft 3 , as determined axially from a first end of the first portion to a second end of the first portion.
14 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the platinum group metal of the first portion to the platinum group metal of the second portion is 4.0 to 50.
15 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom washcoat layer comprises at least one alkaline earth metal oxide comprising barium oxide, strontium oxide, or any combination thereof, in an amount of 1.0 to 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the top layer.
16 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a ceramic substrate, metal substrate, ceramic foam substrate, polymer foam substrate or a woven fibre substrate.
17 . An exhaust system for internal combustion engines, said system comprising an engine and the emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 .
18 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is supported on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component, ceria component, zirconia component and a combination thereof.
19 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 18 , wherein the alumina component comprises alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina, baria-alumina, baria-lanthana-alumina, baria-lanthana-neodymia-alumina, or combinations thereof; the oxygen storage component comprises ceria-zirconia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana, ceria-zirconia-yttria, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-yttria, ceria-zirconia-neodymia, ceria-zirconia-praseodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-neodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-praseodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-neodymia-praseodymia, or any combination thereof; and the zirconia component comprises lanthana-zirconia, and barium-zirconia.
20 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 1 , wherein the article comprises:
a bottom washcoat layer comprising palladium or platinum deposited on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof, coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end;
wherein at least part of the bottom washcoat layer comprises a first portion and a second portion,
wherein the first portion begins at the inlet axial end or the outlet axial end of the substrate and comprises palladium or platinum optionally supported on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof,
wherein the concentration of palladium or platinum in the first portion is 2 to 100 times higher than the concentration of palladium or platinum in the second portion,
wherein the first portion comprises 5-50% of the substrate volume and exhibits a three-dimensional axial and/or radial zone arrangement starting from the inlet axial end of the substrate or the outlet axial end or both,
wherein the platinum group metal loading in the first portion is 10 to 1000 g/ft 3 , as determined axially from a first end of the first portion to a second end of the first portion, and
a top washcoat layer comprising rhodium, platinum or a combination thereof impregnated on a support selected from oxygen storage component, alumina component and a combination thereof, coated on the 60 to 100% length of the substrate from either the inlet axial end or the outlet end of the substrate such that the top coat covers at least 60% of the length of the bottom washcoat layer.
21 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 20 , wherein the first portion comprises palladium, wherein the amount of palladium in the first portion is 30 to 100 wt. % of the total palladium present in the catalyst article.
22 . The emission control catalyst article according to claim 20 , wherein the first portion comprises platinum, wherein the amount of platinum in the first portion is 30 to 100 wt. % of the total platinum present in the catalyst article.