Piston compressor and method for operating same
The piston compressor for compressing a gas having a cylinder and also including a piston, a piston rod, packing, a crosshead and a drive, wherein: the piston is disposed for movement in a longitudinal direction L inside the cylinder; the piston is connected to the crosshead by means of a piston rod; packing is disposed between the piston and the crosshead, through which packing the piston rod runs; the crosshead is driven by the drive; in addition an activatable magnetic bearing is disposed between the piston and the crosshead; the magnetic bearing can generate a magnetic force F m on the piston rod, at least perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction L; and an activation device activates the magnetic force F m generated by the magnetic bearing on the piston rod.
1. A piston compressor for compressing a gas, comprising a cylinder, a piston, a piston rod, a packing seal, a crosshead, a magnetic bearing, and a drive, wherein the piston is arranged movably in a longitudinal direction L within the cylinder, wherein the piston is connected to the crosshead via the piston rod, wherein there is arranged, between the piston and the crosshead, the packing seal through which the piston rod extends, wherein the crosshead is driven by the drive, the magnetic bearing being arranged between the piston and the crosshead, the magnetic bearing being capable of exerting a magnetic force F m on the piston rod at least perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction L, and wherein the piston comprises a plurality of sealing rings, wherein a sensor is arranged for detecting a state variable Z of the piston compressor, the magnetic bearing is designed as a controllable magnetic bearing, and a control device controls the magnetic force F m exerted by the magnetic bearing on the piston rod as a function of the state variable Z, and wherein the sensor is designed to detect the state variable Z that is a variable selected from the group consisting of a displacement path of the piston in the cylinder, a displacement path of the piston rod in the direction of extension of the piston rod, a displacement path of the piston rod perpendicular to the direction of extension of the piston rod, a movement of the piston perpendicular to the direction of extension of the piston rod, an angle of rotation of the drive shaft, a movement of the piston rod perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L, a gap width within the magnetic bearing between the piston rod and a magnet of the magnetic bearing, a mutual position of the piston rod and the magnetic bearing, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the piston rod, an angle of inclination β of the cylinder with respect to a vertical direction V, an angle of inclination (t) assumed between the vertical direction V and the longitudinal direction L in which the piston is moved back and forth as a function of time t, a gap width between the inner surface of the cylinder and the side surface of the piston, and a location of a mutual point of contact between the piston and the cylinder, wherein the packing seal is removable from the piston compressor and comprises, arranged successively in the longitudinal direction L, a fastening part, a holder with the sensor arranged at its top, the magnetic bearing, and a chamber ring with a sealing ring arranged therein, and at least two emergency bearings which are arranged mutually spaced in the longitudinal direction L.
2. The piston compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the piston comprises a guide ring.
3. The piston compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the cylinder extends in a substantially horizontal direction.
4. The piston compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the cylinder extends in a substantially vertical direction.
5. The piston compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is furthermore configured to detect a parameter selected from the group consisting of an angle of inclination (B) of the longitudinal direction L with respect to a vertical direction (V), a gap width between the inner surface of the cylinder and the side surface of the piston, and a location of a mutual contact point of the piston and the cylinder.
6. The piston compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the packing seal is configured as a replacement part, and the packing seal comprises both a sealing ring and the magnetic bearing.
7. The piston compressor according to claim 1 wherein the packing seal and the magnetic bearing comprise cooling channels for a cooling medium.
8. A method for operating the piston compressor according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of: moving back and forth the piston in the longitudinal direction L within the cylinder, the piston being driven via the crosshead and the piston rod, and exerting the magnetic force Fm acting at least perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction L by the magnetic bearing on the piston rod, and the magnetic force Fm is controlled depending on the state variable Z, and a relief force Fh is thereby exerted on the piston via the piston rod.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the longitudinal direction L is substantially in a horizontal direction.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the longitudinal direction L is substantially in a vertical direction.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the longitudinal direction L has an angle of inclination β in the range of +/−10° with respect to a vertical direction V.
12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein a mutual distance between piston rod and magnetic bearing and/or a distance between cylinder inner surface and piston side surface, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L, is kept constant.
13. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the piston is held in the cylinder without contacting a wall of the cylinder.
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the magnetic force F m is fixedly predetermined as a function of the state variable Z.