Axial flux motor with air cooling system
The present disclosure relates to an axial flux motor comprising a stator assembly and a rotor assembly. The axial flux motor rotor assembly also includes an air cooling arrangement to provide air cooling to the stator assembly. The axial flux motor includes stator cores having enlarged end plates. The axial flux motor also includes a cooling jacket including fins that extend between electromagnets of the stator assembly.
1 . An axial flux electric motor comprising:
a) a housing assembly arranged along a longitudinal axis, the housing assembly comprising one or more air outlets on a circumferential outer wall of the housing assembly;
b) a stator assembly mounted within the housing assembly, the stator assembly including a plurality of stator cores with wire coils, the stator assembly defining first and second axial faces; and
c) a rotor assembly mounted within the housing assembly, the rotor assembly being rotatable with respect to the stator assembly and including an output shaft extending out of the housing assembly, the rotor assembly including a first rotor part carrying a first plurality of permanent magnets facing and spaced from the stator assembly first axial face to define a first air gap and a second rotor part carrying a second plurality of permanent magnets facing and spaced from the stator assembly second axial face to define a second air gap, the first rotor part including a first air-movement feature extending through the first rotor part and configured to, when the first rotor part is rotating, draw air into the housing assembly and through the first air gap, the rotor assembly further including a hub radially inward from the stator cores, the rotor assembly further including a hub radially inward from the stator cores, wherein the first and second rotor parts each include an inner portion defining the hub, an outer portion encircling the permanent magnets, and a connection portion extending from the inner portion to the outer portion at an oblique angle, wherein the hub is configured to capture a bearing assembly between the hub and the stator assembly, wherein the inner portions of the first rotor part and the second rotor part are coupled together;
d) wherein the first air-movement feature extends axially relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing assembly and comprises at least one aperture extending through the connection portion of the first rotor part, the at least one aperture defining first and second sidewalls that are both oriented obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis along the entire length of the first and second sidewalls, and
e) wherein the air is drawn axially through the at least one aperture into the rotor assembly and moves axially through the first rotor part, and subsequently passes radially through an interstitial space to the first air gap and exits the axial flux electric motor radially through the one or more air outlets in fluid communication with the first air gap.
2 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the housing assembly includes one or more air inlets in fluid communication with the first rotor part.
3 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 2 , wherein the one or more air inlets are radially closer to the longitudinal axis in comparison to the one or more air outlets.
4 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the first air-movement feature includes a plurality of openings defined within the first rotor part.
5 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of openings are oriented at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis.
6 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of openings are defined as cylindrical openings.
7 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) the second rotor part including a second air-movement feature configured to, when the second rotor part is rotating, draw air into the housing assembly and through the second air gap.
8 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 7 , wherein the second air-movement feature includes a plurality of second openings defined within the second rotor part.
9 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 8 , wherein the second plurality of openings are oriented at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis.
10 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 8 , wherein the second plurality of openings are defined as cylindrical openings.
11 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the first air-movement feature is located radially inward of the stator assembly.
12 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aperture is at least partially defined by a sidewall disposed at an oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the oblique angle having a forward angle of attack such that airflow through the at least one aperture is induced upon rotation of the first rotor part.
13 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the bearing assembly is against the hub and a sleeve of the stator assembly.
14 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the first rotor part includes an end opposite to and parallel with the hub, and wherein the end of the first rotor part surrounding the permanent magnets and a yoke.
15 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 1 , wherein a first portion of the hub defined by the first rotor part and a second portion of the hub defined by the second rotor part are recessed to capture the bearing assembly.
16 . An axial flux electric motor comprising:
a) a motor shaft defining a longitudinal axis of rotation about which the motor shaft is rotatable;
b) a stator assembly including a plurality of electromagnets spaced circumference about the longitudinal axis of rotation, the electromagnets each including a stator core about which a wire coil is wound, the stator cores each including a core body which extends along a core axis between first and second opposite axial ends, the core axes being parallel to the longitudinal axis of rotation, the first axial ends defining first end faces that face in a first axial direction and the second axial ends defining second end faces that face in a second axial direction opposite from the first axial direction, the wire coils being wound about the core axes between the first and second axial ends, wherein the first and second opposite axial ends of each stator core are adapted to define opposite magnetic poles of each corresponding electromagnet;
c) a rotor assembly coupled to the motor shaft, the rotor assembly and the motor shaft being adapted to rotate together relative to the stator assembly about the longitudinal axis of rotation, the rotor assembly including a first rotor including a first rotor plate and a plurality of first permanent magnets carried by the first rotor plate, the first permanent magnets being circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis of rotation and having first permanent magnet end faces positioned to oppose the first axial end faces of the stator cores, the first permanent magnet end faces being spaced from the first axial end faces of the stator cores by a first air gap, the rotor assembly also including a second rotor including a second rotor plate and a plurality of second permanent magnets carried by the second rotor plate, the plurality of second permanent magnets being circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis of rotation and having second permanent magnet end faces positioned to oppose the second axial end faces of the stator cores, the second permanent magnet end faces being spaced from the second axial end faces of the stator cores by a second air gap, the rotor assembly further including a hub radially inward from the stator cores, wherein the first and second rotor plates each include an inner portion defining the hub, an outer portion encircling the permanent magnets, and a connection portion extending from the inner portion to the outer portion at an oblique angle, wherein the hub is configured to capture a bearing assembly between the hub and the stator assembly, wherein the inner portions of the first rotor plate and the second rotor plate are coupled together; and
d) the first and second rotor plates being configured for moving cooling air through the first and second air gaps, wherein the cooling air flows axially into one or more passageways extending axially relative to the longitudinal axis of rotation and turns such that the cooling air flows radially out of the axial flux electric motor through one or more outlets located radially relative to the longitudinal axis of rotation, wherein the one or more passageways comprise first and second sidewalls through the connection portions of the first and second rotor plates, the entire length of the first and second sidewalls are both oriented obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of rotation.
17 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 16 , wherein the cooling air moves through the first and second air gaps in a direction from inner diameters toward outer diameters of the first and second rotor plates.
18 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 16 , wherein a housing encloses the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, wherein the cooling air is drawn into the housing by the first and second rotor plates in an axial orientation, and is forced out of the housing by the rotor plates in a radial orientation.
19 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 18 , wherein a circumferential wall of the housing surrounds the stator assembly, and a first axial end wall of the housing covers the first rotor plate and a second axial end wall of the housing covers the second rotor plate.
20 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 19 , wherein the circumferential wall includes an integrated cooling jacket defining a cooling passage through which cooling fluid is pumped, wherein the cooling fluid is a cooling liquid, wherein the cooling passage is defined within the circumferential wall, and wherein the cooling passage extends circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of rotation.
21 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 20 , further comprising radial cooling fins that project radially inwardly from the circumferential wall into space between the electromagnets of the stator assembly.
22 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 16 , wherein the one or more passageways are part of a first air-movement feature, and the second rotor plate includes a second air-movement feature for moving the cooling air through the second air gap, wherein the first and second air-movement features include a plurality of passageways defined through the first and second rotor plates arranged along a circle that surrounds the longitudinal axis of rotation.
23 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 22 , wherein the plurality of passageways are defined through truncated conical walls of the first and second rotor plates.
24 . An axial flux electric motor comprising:
a) a housing assembly arranged along a longitudinal axis, the housing assembly comprising one or more air outlets on a circumferential outer wall of the housing assembly;
b) a stator assembly mounted within the housing assembly, the stator assembly including a plurality of stator cores with wire coils, the stator assembly defining first and second axial faces; and
c) a rotor assembly mounted within the housing assembly, the rotor assembly being rotatable with respect to the stator assembly and including an output shaft extending out of the housing assembly, the rotor assembly including a first rotor part carrying a first plurality of permanent magnets facing and spaced from the stator assembly first axial face to define a first air gap and a second rotor part carrying a second plurality of permanent magnets facing and spaced from the stator assembly second axial face to define a second air gap, the first rotor part including a first air-movement feature extending through the first rotor part and configured to, when the first rotor part is rotating, draw air into the housing assembly and through the first air gap, the rotor assembly further including a hub radially inward from the stator cores, wherein the first and second rotor parts each include an inner portion defining the hub, an outer portion encircling the permanent magnets, and a connection portion extending from the inner portion to the outer portion at an oblique angle, wherein the hub is configured to capture a bearing assembly between the hub and the stator assembly, wherein the inner portions of the first rotor part and the second rotor part are coupled together;
d) wherein the first air-movement feature extends axially relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing assembly and comprises at least one aperture extending through the connection portion of the first rotor part, the at least one aperture having a centerline oriented obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis along the entire length of the at least one aperture; and
e) wherein the air is drawn axially through the at least one aperture into the rotor assembly and moves axially through the first rotor part, and subsequently passes radially through an interstitial space to the first air gap, and exits the axial flux electric motor radially through the one or more air outlets in fluid communication with the first air gap.
25 . The axial flux electric motor of claim 24 , wherein the centerline extends radially away from the longitudinal axis as the centerline extends through the at least one aperture to the stator assembly.