Process for the preparation of brivaracetam
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of brivaracetam, a compound of formula I and salts thereof. The present invention also relates to a compound of formula II and a compound of formula IIA, process for its preparation and conversion thereof to brivaracetam, the compound of formula I.
1. A process for the preparation of brivaracetam, a compound of formula I, or a salt thereof,
the process comprising:
i) reacting a compound of formula VI with L-menthol to obtain a compound of formula IV,
wherein X=Cl, Br, I, OMs or OTs;
ii) reacting the compound of formula IV with (2S)-2-aminobutanamide, a compound of formula III, to obtain a diastereomeric mixture, a compound of formula II;
iii) separating the desired diastereomer, a compound of formula IIA and the undesired diastereomer, a compound of formula IIB, from the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II; and
iv) cyclizing the compound of formula IIA, to obtain brivaracetam, the compound of formula I.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction of the compound of formula VI with L-menthol is carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride, a carbodiimide, a 1-hydroxybenzotriazole based or 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole based phosphonium and uronium salt, a sulfinyl halide and a phosphorus halide.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein a compound of formula V,
wherein X=Cl, Br, I, OMs or OTs, is formed as an intermediate in the reaction of the compound of formula VI with L-menthol in the presence of a coupling reagent, wherein the coupling reagent is thionyl chloride.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step ‘iii’, the separation of desired diastereomer, the compound of formula IIA, and the undesired diastereomer, the compound of formula IIB, from the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II, is carried out by any of the following:
x) treating the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II, with a solvent in which one of the diastereomers is soluble and other diastereomer is insoluble and precipitated out; or
y) treating the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II, with a solvent and adding an anti-solvent to it in which one of the diastereomers is soluble and other diastereomer is insoluble and precipitated out.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the solvent used in ‘x’ is selected from the group consisting of a C1-C6 aliphatic ester and a C1-6 aliphatic ketone.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the solvent used in ‘y’, is such that the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II, is soluble in it, and is selected from the group consisting of a C1-C6 alcohol, a C1-C6 haloalkane and an ether.
7. The process of claim 4 , wherein the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, a C1-C6 aliphatic ester and a nitrile.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula IIA is obtained in step ‘iii’, wherein the content of the compound of formula IIB is less than 1% with respect to the compound of formula IIA, as determined by HPLC.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein cyclization of the compound of formula IIA, in step ‘iv’ is carried out in the presence of an acid.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein cyclization of the compound of formula IIA, in step ‘iv’ is carried out in the presence of a base.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein brivaracetam, the compound of formula I, is obtained in a diastereoisomeric excess of at least 98%, as determined by HPLC.
12. A compound of any one of formula II, formula IIA and formula IV,
wherein X=Cl, Br, I, OMs or OTs.
13. A process for the preparation of brivaracetam, a compound of formula I, or a salt thereof,
the process comprising:
(a) obtaining a diastereomeric mixture, a compound of formula II,
by any one of the following:
(i) reacting the compound of formula IV wherein X=Cl, Br, I, OMs or OTs, with (2S)-2-aminobutanamide, and a compound of formula III,
or
(ii) reacting a compound of formula VIII with L-menthol,
or
(iii) reacting a compound of formula IX with L-menthol,
or
(iv) reducing a compound of formula X,
(b) separating the desired diastereomer, a compound of formula IIA and the undesired diastereomer, a compound of formula IIB, from the diastereomeric mixture, the compound of formula II; and
(c) cyclizing the compound of formula IIA, to obtain brivaracetam, the compound of formula I.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the reaction of the compound of formula VIII with L-menthol is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst is dimethylaminopyridine.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the reaction of the compound of formula IX with L-menthol is carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the coupling reagent is selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride, a carbodiimide, a 1-hydroxybenzotriazole based or 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole based phosphonium and uronium salt, a sulfinyl halide and a phosphorus halide.
18. The process of claim 13 , wherein the compound of formula X is reduced using a hydrogen source in the presence a metal catalyst.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the hydrogen source is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas, formic acid, isopropanol, and dihydroanthracene.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and iridium.