Method of preparing cathode for secondary battery
A method for preparing a cathode based on an aqueous slurry is provided. The cathode slurry with improved stability in water comprises a cathode active material, especially a nickel-containing cathode active material. Treatment of nickel-containing cathode active materials with lithium compounds may improve stability of the cathode by preventing undesirable decomposition of the material. In addition, battery cells comprising the cathode prepared by the method disclosed herein exhibit impressive electrochemical performances.
1. A method of preparing a cathode for a secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
1) dispersing a binder material and a conductive agent in water to form a first suspension;
2) adding an aqueous solution containing at least one lithium compound into the first suspension to form a second suspension;
3) adding a cathode active material into the second suspension to form a third suspension;
4) homogenizing the third suspension by a homogenizer to obtain a homogenized slurry;
5) applying the homogenized slurry on a current collector to form a coated film on the current collector; and
6) drying the coated film on the current collector to form the cathode,
wherein the lithium compound is selected from the group consisting of lithium borate, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium hydrogen carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium iodide, lithium nitrate, lithium sulfate, lithium acetate, lithium lactate, lithium citrate, lithium succinate and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material is selected from the group consisting of Li 1+x Ni a Mn b Co c Al (1-a-b-c) O 2 , LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 , LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.92 Mn 0.04 Co 0.04 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 , and combinations thereof; wherein −0.2≤x≤0.2, 0≤a<1, 0≤b<1, 0≤c<1, and a+b+c≤1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material comprises or is a core-shell composite having a core and shell structure, wherein the core and the shell each independently comprise a lithium transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Li 1+x Ni a Mn b Co c Al (1-a-b-c) O 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 , LiCrO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiV 2 O 5 , LiTiS 2 , LiMoS 2 , and combinations thereof; wherein −0.2≤x≤0.2, 0≤a<1, 0≤b<1, 0≤c<1, and a+b+c≤1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the lithium compound in water with 20° C. is higher than 1 g/100 ml and wherein the concentration of the lithium ion in the second suspension ranges from about 0.0005 M to about 0.5 M.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein step 2) is mixed for a time period from about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes at a temperature from about 5° C. to about 30° C. and wherein the pH of the second suspension is from about 7 to about 13.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive agent is selected from the group consisting of carbon, carbon black, graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, graphene nanoplatelets, carbon fibers, carbon nano-fibers, graphitized carbon flake, carbon tubes, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of degassing the third suspension under a vacuum pressure of from about 1 kPa to about 20 kPa for a time period from about 30 minutes to about 4 hours.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third suspension is homogenized for a time period from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours at a temperature from about 10° C. to about 30° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid content of the homogenized slurry is from about 45% to about 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the homogenized slurry and wherein the homogenized slurry is free of a dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a polymeric acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decrease in pH observed during step 4) is from about 0.1 pH units to about 1.0 pH units and wherein the pH of the homogenized slurry is from about 8 to about 14.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated film on the current collector is dried at a temperature from about 25 to about 75° C. for a time period of about 2 minutes to about 20 minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total processing time for steps 3)-6) is less than 5 hours.