IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,522,661
Granted Patent B2
US 12,522,661 · App. 17/795,500 · Granted Jan 13, 2026

CD28 single domain antibodies and multivalent and multispecific constructs thereof

Inventors: John C. Timmer (La Jolla, CA); Rutger H. Jackson (La Jolla, CA); Katelyn M. Willis (La Jolla, CA); William S. Crago (La Jolla, CA); Michael D. Kaplan (La Jolla, CA); Brendan P. Eckelman (La Jolla, CA)
Assignee: Inhibrx Biosciences, Inc.
C07K16/2818A61P37/04C07K2317/24C07K2317/31C07K2317/35C07K2317/52C07K2317/569
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,522,661
App. No.
17/795,500
Granted
Jan 13, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Provided herein are binding polypeptides that specifically bind CD28. More specifically, provided herein are fusion proteins, including multivalent and/or multispecific constructs that bind at least CD28. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and vectors thereof, and methods of use and uses of the provided CD28 binding polypeptides for treating diseases and conditions, such as cancer.

Claims (68)

1 . A CD28-binding polypeptide comprising at least one VHH domain that binds CD28, wherein the at least one VHH domain comprises:

(a) a complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 195, 198, 199, 200, and 201; a complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 196, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, and 212; and a complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197;

(b) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:190; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 191; or

(c) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:192; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 193; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 194.

2 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the at least one VHH domain comprises:

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:206, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:189, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:190, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:191;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:192, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 193, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:194;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:196, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:198, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 196, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:198, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:206, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:199, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 196, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 199, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:206, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:200, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 196, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:201, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 196, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:202, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:204, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:205, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:207, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:208, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:209, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:210, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:211, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:195, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:212, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:201, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:202, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:197;

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:201, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:206, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197; or

a CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:201, a CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:204, and a CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197.

3 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 2 comprising:

(a) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:342; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:213; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:214; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 215; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:216; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:217; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:218; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:219; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 221; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:222; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:223; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:224; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:225; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 226; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:227; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:228; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:229; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:230; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 231; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:232; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:233; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:234; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:235; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 236; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:237; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:238; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:239; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:344; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:345; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:351; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:353; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:358; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 360 a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:365; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:367; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 379; or a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:381

(b) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:186; or

(c) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as comprised in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:187.

4 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 3 , wherein the at least VHH domain comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NOS: 342, 186, 187, 188, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 344, 345, 351, 353, 358, 360, 365, 367, 379, and 381, or a sequence of amino acids that exhibits at least 85% sequence identity to any of SEQ ID NOS: 342, 186, 187, 188, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 344, 345, 351, 353, 358, 360, 365, 367, 379, and 381.

5 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide is monovalent for CD28.

6 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide is multivalent for CD28.

7 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide is bivalent for CD28.

8 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 7 , wherein the two-VHH domains are the same VHH domains, or wherein the VHH domains are different VHH domains, wherein each of the two VHH domains comprises a sequence of amino acids that exhibits at least 90% sequence identity to any of SEO ID NOS: 342, 213-219, 221-239, 344, 345, 351, 353, 358, 360, 365, 367, 379, and 381.

9 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide comprises a moiety that binds protein A.

10 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide comprises an amino acid modification that reduces binding to protein A, and wherein the amino acid modification is G65D by Kabat in framework region 3 (FR3).

11 . An anti-CD28 sdAb-Fc fusion protein, comprising a CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 and an immunoglobulin Fc region.

12 . A homodimeric Fe fusion protein, comprising two identical copies of the anti-CD28 sdAb-Fc fusion protein of claim 11 .

13 . A heterodimeric fusion protein, comprising two of the anti-CD28 sdAb-Fc fusion proteins of claim 11 .

14 . A multi-specific binding polypeptide comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 and one or more binding domain (BD) that binds to a target antigen other than CD28.

15 . The multi-specific-binding polypeptide of claim 14 , wherein the one or more BD binds a tumor associated antigen (TAA), or wherein the one or more BD binds a T cell surface marker that is a T cell activation marker or a T cell exhaustion marker, or wherein the one or more BD binds a cell surface marker that is a tumor microenvironment marker.

16 . The multi-specific binding polypeptide of claim 14 , wherein the one or more BD is a VHH domain.

17 . The multi-specific binding polypeptide of claim 14 , wherein the multi-specific binding polypeptide is an Fc fusion protein, wherein at least one of the one or more BD and/or the at least one CD28 VHH domain is linked to the immunoglobulin Fc region.

18 . A homodimeric multi-specific Fc fusion protein, comprising two identical copies of the multi-specific binding polypeptide of claim 17 .

19 . A heterodimeric multi-specific Fc fusion protein, comprising two of the multi-specific binding polypeptides of claim 17 .

20 . An anti-CD28 VHH domain comprising:

(a) a complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 195, 198, 199, 200, and 201; a complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 196, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, and 212; and a complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 197;

(b) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 191; or

(c) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 192; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 193; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 194.

21 . The anti-CD28 VHH domain of claim 20 comprising:

(a) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 342; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:188; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:213; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:214; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:215; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:216; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:217; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:218; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:219; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 221; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:222; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:223; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:224; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:225; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:226; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:227; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:228; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:229; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:230; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:231; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 232; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:233; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:234; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:235; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:236; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:237; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:238; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:239; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 344; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:345; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:351; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:353; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:358; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:360; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:365; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:367; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 379; a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:381;

(b) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:186; or

(c) a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 as contained in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187.

22 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , which comprises a CD3 binding region.

23 . A multi-specific construct comprising at least one anti-CD28 VHH domain of claim 20 , one or more binding domain (BD) that binds an antigen other than CD28, and a CD3 binding region.

24 . The CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 22 , wherein the CD28-binding polypeptide comprises an immunoglobulin Fc region.

25 . A polynucleotide(s) encoding the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , a fusion protein comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , or a multi-specific binding polypeptide comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 .

26 . A vector, comprising the polynucleotide of claim 25 .

27 . A cell comprising the polynucleotide or polynucleotides of claim 25 .

28 . A method of producing a polypeptide, the method comprising introducing into a cell a polynucleotide or polynucleotides of claim 25 and culturing the cell under conditions to produce the polypeptide.

29 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , a fusion protein comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , or a multi-specific binding polypeptide comprising the CD28−binding polypeptide of claim 1 .

30 . A method of stimulating an immune response in a subject, the method comprising administering, to a subject in need thereof, the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , a fusion protein comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , or a multi-specific binding polypeptide comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 .

31 . A method of treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , a fusion protein comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 , or a multi-specific binding polypeptide comprising the CD28-binding polypeptide of claim 1 .

32 . A CD28-binding polypeptide comprising at least one VHH domain that binds CD28, wherein the at least one CD28 VHH domain comprises:

a complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:189, a complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and a complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 191; or

a complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:192, a complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:193, and a complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 194.

Assignments (3)
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Jan 14, 2025
From: INHIBRX BIOSCIENCES, INC.
To: OXFORD FINANCE LLC; OXFORD FINANCE LLC
Reel/Frame 069894/0045 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 10, 2024
From: INHIBRX, INC.
To: INHIBRX BIOSCIENCES, INC.
Reel/Frame 067679/0635 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 25, 2022
From: TIMMER, JOHN C.; JACKSON, RUTGER H.; WILLIS, KATELYN M.; CRAGO, WILLIAM S.; KAPLAN, MICHAEL D.; ECKELMAN, BRENDAN P.
To: INHIBRX, INC.
Reel/Frame 061533/0509 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 62967533 · Jan 29, 2020
Related Publication 20230348600A1 · Nov 2, 2023
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