Integrated circuit comprising an adaptation and filtering network and corresponding adaptation and filtering process
The integrated circuit includes a power amplifier intended to provide a signal in a fundamental frequency band, an antenna, and a matching and filtering network having a first section, a second section, and a third section. The three sections include LC arrangements configured to have an impedance matched to the power amplifier's output in the fundamental frequency band. The LC arrangements of the first section and the second section are configured to have resonant frequencies adapted to attenuate the harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band.
1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a power amplifier configured to provide a signal in a fundamental frequency band;
an antenna; and
a matching and filtering network, comprising:
a first section and a second section, the first section coupled between an output node of the power amplifier and a first intermediate node, the second section coupled between the first intermediate node and a second intermediate node, the first section comprising first inductor-capacitor arrangements, the second section comprising second inductor-capacitor arrangements,
wherein each of the first inductor-capacitor arrangements and the second inductor-capacitor arrangements are configured to have an impedance matched to an output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band and resonant frequencies adapted to attenuate harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band and to have an equivalent impedance corresponding to an impedance of a capacitive element adapted for the impedance matching in the fundamental frequency band,
wherein associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement are set to be distributed in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band such that the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement have equivalent impedances corresponding to the impedances of the capacitive elements with the smallest capacitive values have the largest resonant frequencies, and
a third section coupled between the second intermediate node and an input node of the antenna, the third section comprising third inductor-capacitor arrangements configured to have an impedance matched to the output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first inductor-capacitor arrangements are further configured to have resonant frequencies lower than the resonant frequencies of the second inductor-capacitor arrangements.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 ,
wherein the first inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the output node of the power amplifier and the first intermediate node, and
a first series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and a ground node; and
wherein the second inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node, and
a second series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the second intermediate node and a ground node.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement are chosen to be distributed, with the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in one half of the second harmonic frequency band, the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the other half of the second harmonic frequency band, the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the third harmonic frequency band, and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency between the fourth harmonic frequency band and the fifth harmonic frequency band or in a common portion of the fourth harmonic frequency band and of the fifth harmonic frequency band.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the third inductor-capacitor arrangements are configured to have a minimum quality factor, the third inductor-capacitor arrangements comprising:
an inductive element coupled between the second intermediate node and the input node of the antenna; and
a capacitive element coupled between the input node of the antenna and a ground node.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the third inductor-capacitor arrangements of the third section are configured to have a minimum quality factor.
8. A method for impedance matching and filtering between an output of a power amplifier and an antenna, the power amplifier configured to provide a signal in a fundamental frequency band, the method comprising:
coupling a matching and filtering network between the power amplifier and the antenna, the matching and filtering network comprising:
a first section coupled between an output node of the power amplifier and a first intermediate node, the first section comprising first inductor-capacitor arrangements,
a second section coupled between the first intermediate node and a second intermediate node, the second section comprising second inductor-capacitor arrangements, and
a third section coupled between the second intermediate node and an input node of the antenna, the third section comprising third inductor-capacitor arrangements;
determining inductors and capacitors of the first inductor-capacitor arrangements and the second inductor-capacitor arrangements to have an impedance matched to the output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band and resonant frequencies adapted to attenuate harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band;
determining inductors and capacitors of the third inductor-capacitor arrangements to have an impedance matched to the output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band; and
determining associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement to be distributed in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band such that the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement have equivalent impedances corresponding to the impedances of capacitive elements with the smallest capacitive values and the largest resonant frequencies.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
determining inductors and capacitors of the first inductor-capacitor arrangements to have resonant frequencies lower than the resonant frequencies of the second inductor-capacitor arrangements.
10. The method of claim 8 ,
wherein the first inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the output node of the power amplifier and the first intermediate node, and
a first series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and a ground node; and
wherein the second inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node, and
a second series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the second intermediate node and a ground node.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
determining the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement to be distributed, with the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
determining inductors and capacitors of the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement to have a corresponding resonant frequency in one half of the second harmonic frequency band;
determining inductors and capacitors of the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the other half of the second harmonic frequency band;
determining inductors and capacitors of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the third harmonic frequency band; and
determining inductors and capacitors of the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement to have a corresponding resonant frequency between the fourth harmonic frequency band and the fifth harmonic frequency band or in a common portion of the fourth harmonic frequency band and of the fifth harmonic frequency band.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the third inductor-capacitor arrangements comprising:
an inductive element coupled between the second intermediate node and the input node of the antenna; and
a capacitive element coupled between the input node of the antenna and a ground node.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining the inductive element and capacitive element of the third inductor-capacitor arrangements to have a minimum quality factor.
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the determining of inductors and capacitors of the first inductor-capacitor arrangements and the second inductor-capacitor arrangements comprises:
choosing resonant frequencies for each series inductor-capacitor arrangement to be distributed in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band, such that series inductor-capacitor arrangements replacing capacitive elements having the smallest capacitive values have the largest resonant frequencies; and
choosing resonant frequencies for each parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement such that they are distributed, with the resonant frequencies of the series inductor-capacitor arrangements, in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band.
16. A matching and filtering network, the matching and filtering network coupled between a power amplifier configured to provide a signal in a fundamental frequency band and an antenna, the matching and filtering network comprising:
a first section coupled between an output node of the power amplifier and a first intermediate node, the first section comprising first inductor-capacitor arrangements,
a second section coupled between the first intermediate node and a second intermediate node, the second section comprising second inductor-capacitor arrangements,
wherein each of the first inductor-capacitor arrangements and the second inductor-capacitor arrangements is configured to have an impedance matched to the output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band and resonant frequencies adapted to attenuate the harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band and to have an equivalent impedance corresponding to an impedance of a capacitive element adapted for the impedance matching in the fundamental frequency band, and
wherein associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement are chosen to be distributed in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band such that the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement with equivalent impedances corresponding to the impedances of the capacitive elements with the smallest capacitive values have the largest resonant frequencies, and
a third section coupled between the second intermediate node and an input node of the antenna, the third section comprising third inductor-capacitor arrangements are configured to have an impedance matched to the output of the power amplifier at the fundamental frequency band.
17. The matching and filtering network of claim 16 ,
wherein the first inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the output node of the power amplifier and the first intermediate node, and
a first series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and a ground node;
wherein the second inductor-capacitor arrangements comprise:
a second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node, and
a second series inductor-capacitor arrangement coupled between the second intermediate node and a ground node; and
wherein the third inductor-capacitor arrangements are configured to have a minimum quality factor, the third inductor-capacitor arrangements comprising:
an inductive element coupled between the second intermediate node and the input node of the antenna; and
a capacitive element coupled between the input node of the antenna and a ground node.
18. The matching and filtering network of claim 17 , wherein the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement are chosen to be distributed, with the associated resonant frequencies of each of the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement in different harmonic frequency bands of the fundamental frequency band.
19. The matching and filtering network of claim 17 , wherein the first parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in one half of the second harmonic frequency band, the second parallel inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the other half of the second harmonic frequency band, the first series inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency in the third harmonic frequency band, and the second series inductor-capacitor arrangement is configured to have a corresponding resonant frequency between the fourth harmonic frequency band and the fifth harmonic frequency band or in a common portion of the fourth harmonic frequency band and of the fifth harmonic frequency band.
20. The matching and filtering network of claim 17 , wherein the third inductor-capacitor arrangements comprising:
an inductive element coupled between the second intermediate node and the input node of the antenna; and
a capacitive element coupled between the input node of the antenna and a ground node.