Grooved, stacked-plate superconducting magnets and electrically conductive terminal blocks and related construction techniques
Described herein are concepts, system and techniques which provide a means to construct robust high-field superconducting magnets using simple fabrication techniques and modular components that scale well toward commercialization. The resulting magnet assembly—which utilizes non-insulated, high temperature superconducting tapes (HTS) and provides for optimized coolant pathways—is inherently strong structurally, which enables maximum utilization of the high magnetic fields available with HTS technology. In addition, the concepts described herein provide for control of quench-induced current distributions within the tape stack and surrounding superstructure to safely dissipate quench energy, while at the same time obtaining acceptable magnet charge time. The net result is a structurally and thermally robust, high-field magnet assembly that is passively protected against quench fault conditions.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a first electrically conductive plate having a first groove;
a first high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape stack disposed in the first groove, the first HTS tape stack having a first plurality of turns;
a second electrically conductive plate having a second groove;
a second HTS tape stack disposed in the second groove, the second HTS tape stack having a second plurality of turns;
an electrically conductive connection between the first HTS tape stack and the second HTS tape stack; and
at least one cooling apparatus to cool at least one HTS tape stack.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cooling apparatus is disposed outside the first groove.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cooling apparatus comprises at least one coolant channel disposed in in the first groove.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cooling apparatus comprises at least one coolant channel or at least one conduction-cooled structure.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one HTS tape stack is the first HTS tape stack, the at least one cooling apparatus comprises at least one coolant channel, and the at least one coolant channel is disposed in a third plate.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an insulator to electrically insulate the first electrically conductive plate from the second electrically conductive plate.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive connection is formed between an innermost turn of the first HTS tape stack and an innermost turn of the second HTS tape stack.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive connection is formed between an outermost turn of the first HTS tape stack and an outermost turn of the second HTS tape stack.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive connection comprises a metal that is not a superconductor at a temperature above 30 degrees Kelvin.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the metal comprises copper.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive plate provides electrical connections between respective turns of the first plurality of turns.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive plate comprises a metal or a metal alloy.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the first electrically conductive plate comprises steel.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first HTS tape stack comprises rare-earth barium copper oxide.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first groove comprises at least first and second turns, wherein the first turn has a first width and the second turn has a second width, wherein the second width is greater than the first width.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the second turn of the first groove comprises a plurality of turns of the first HTS tape stack.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one coating applied to at least the first electrically conductive plate to control effects of a quench of the first or second HTS tape stacks.
18. A magnet, comprising:
a first electrically conductive plate having a first groove;
a first high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape stack disposed in the first groove, the first HTS tape stack having a first plurality of turns;
a second electrically conductive plate having a second groove;
a second HTS tape stack disposed in the second groove, the second HTS tape stack having a second plurality of turns;
an electrically conductive connection between the first HTS tape stack and the second HTS tape stack; and
at least one cooling apparatus to cool at least the first HTS tape stack,
wherein the first electrically conductive plate provides electrical connections between respective turns of the first plurality of turns, and
wherein the second electrically conductive plate provides electrical connections between respective turns of the second plurality of turns.
19. The magnet of claim 18 , further comprising an insulator to electrically insulate the first electrically conductive plate from the second electrically conductive plate.
20. A fabrication method, comprising:
forming a first electrically conductive plate having a first groove;
disposing a first high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape stack in the first groove,
forming a second electrically conductive plate having a second groove;
disposing a second HTS tape stack in the second groove;
forming at least one cooling apparatus to cool at least the first HTS tape stack; and
electrically connecting the first HTS tape stack and the second HTS tape stack.