Catalyst supports and catalyst systems and methods
Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.
1. A catalyst system comprising:
a dried and calcined catalyst support comprising
a) one or more Group VIII metals and one or more halides, and
b) a dimensioned mixture comprising a zeolite and a binder comprising a colloidal silica including potassium counterions, ammonium counterions, or a combination thereof, and substantially no sodium counterions.
2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the dimensioned mixture further comprises an extrusion aid.
3. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the extrusion aid comprises a cellulose ether.
4. The catalyst system of claim 3 , wherein the cellulose ether comprises ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, or a combination thereof.
5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the dimensioned mixture is formed by one or more of extruding, shaping, spray drying, pelletization, and agglomerization.
6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite comprises a large pore zeolite.
7. The catalyst system of claim 6 , wherein the large pore zeolite has an effective pore diameter of from about 6 Angstroms (Å) to about 15 Å.
8. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is selected from L-zeolite, X-zeolite, Y-zeolite, omega zeolite, beta zeolite, ZSM-3, ZSM-4, ZSM-5, ZSM-10, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-20, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, ZSM-57, REY, USY, RE-USY, LZ-210, LZ-210-A, LZ-210-M, LZ-210-T, SSZ-23, SSZ-24, SSZ-25, SSZ-26, SSZ-28, SSZ-32, SSZ-36, SSZ-26, SSZ-31, SSZ-33, SSZ-35, SSZ-37, SSZ-41, SSZ-42, SSZ-44, MCM-58, SUZ-4, mordenite, faujasite, or a combination thereof.
9. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is an intermediate pore zeolite.
10. The catalyst system of claim 9 , wherein the intermediate pore zeolite has an effective pore diameter of from about 5 Angstroms (Å) to about 6 Å.
11. The catalyst system of claim 9 , wherein the intermediate pore zeolite is selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35; ZSM-48, ZSM-57, SUZ-4, SSZ-23, SSZ-25; SSZ-28, SSZ-32, SSZ-36, or a combination thereof.
12. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite comprises a non-zeolitic molecular sieve with intermediate or large pores.
13. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more Group VIII metals are selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), or a combination thereof.
14. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support further comprises one or more metals selected from tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), thulium (Tm), indium (In), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), or a combination thereof.
15. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support is dried at a temperature in a range of about 100° F. to about 300° F.
16. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support is calcined at a temperature in a range of about 400° F. to about 900° F.
17. A reactor system comprising the catalyst system of claim 1 .
18. The reactor system of claim 17 , wherein the reactor system is an aromatization reactor system.