Protection of a cryptographic operation
The present disclosure relates to a cryptographic method comprising: multiplying a point belonging to a mathematical set with a group structure by a scalar by performing: the division of a scalar into a plurality of groups formed of a same number w of digits, w being greater than or equal to 2; and the execution, by a cryptographic circuit and for each group of digits, of a sequence of operations on point, the sequence of operations being identical for each group of digits, at least one of the operations executed for each of the groups of digits being a dummy operation.
1. A method, comprising:
executing an application invoking a cryptographic operation; and
performing the invoked cryptographic operation, the performing the invoked cryptographic operation including:
multiplying, using cryptographic circuitry, a point, belonging to a mathematical set with a group structure, by a scalar; and
protecting, using the cryptographic circuitry, the scalar during the multiplying, the multiplying and protecting including:
dividing the scalar into a plurality of groups formed of a same number w of digits, w being greater than or equal to 2; and
executing, for each group of digits, of a sequence of operations on the point, the sequence of operations having a same sequence for each group of digits, at least one of the operations executed for each of the groups of digits being a dummy operation,
wherein the same sequence of operations comprises:
the execution, w times, of a double operation;
the execution of an add operation; and
the execution, (w−1) times, of the double operation.
2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:
modifying a current value of an intermediate result of the multiplication in response to each non-dummy operation; and
not modifying the current value in response to a dummy operation.
3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:
modifying a current value of an intermediate result of the multiplication in response to each non-dummy operation; and
modifying the current value to a different, mathematically equivalent value in response to a dummy operation.
4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising, before the division into a plurality of groups of digits, re-encoding of the scalar in a non-adjacent windowed form of parameter w.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mathematical set is an elliptic curve or an hyperelliptic curve.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the curve is a Koblitz curve defined by a set of points having the following form:
{( x,y )∈ K×K:y 2 +xy=x 3 +ax 2 +1}
where a is equal to 0 or 1, K is a finite binary field, and x and y define coordinates of a point on the Koblitz curve.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the sequence of operations includes a Frobenius endomorphism.
8. The method according to claim 1 , comprising, before the execution of the sequence of operations on the point, calculation and storage of a plurality of multiples of said point.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
generating a result of the multiplication of the point by the scalar based on the execution of the sequences of operation for the plurality of groups of digits.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the invoked cryptographic operation is an authentication operation.
11. A device, comprising:
a memory; and
cryptographic circuitry coupled to the memory, wherein the cryptographic circuitry, in operation, in response to a request from an application, executes a cryptographic operation, the executing the cryptographic operation including multiplying a point by a scalar, the point belonging to a mathematical set with a group structure, and protecting the scalar during the multiplying, the multiplying and protecting including:
dividing the scalar into a plurality of groups formed of a same number w of digits, w being greater than or equal to 2; and
executing, for each group of digits, of a sequence of operations on the point, the sequence of operations having a same sequence for each group of digits, at least one of the operations executed for each of the groups of digits being a dummy operation,
wherein the same sequence of operations comprises:
the execution, w times, of a double operation;
the execution of an add operation; and
the execution, w−1 times, of the double operation.
12. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the multiplying and protecting includes:
modifying a current value of an intermediate result of the multiplication in response to each non-dummy operation; and
not modifying the current value of the intermediate result in response to a dummy operation.
13. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the multiplying and protecting includes:
modifying a current value of an intermediate result of the multiplication in response to each non-dummy operation; and
modifying the current value of the intermediate result to a different, mathematically equivalent value in response to a dummy operation.
14. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the multiplying and protecting includes, before the division into a plurality of groups of digits, re-encoding of the scalar in a non-adjacent windowed form of parameter w.
15. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the mathematical set is an elliptic curve or an hyperelliptic curve.
16. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the cryptographic circuitry, in operation, generates a result of the multiplication of the point by the scalar based on the execution of the sequences of operation for the plurality of groups of digits.
17. The device of claim 11 , wherein the request from the application is an authentication request.
18. A system, comprising:
a host processor, which, in operation, executes an application; and
a cryptographic coprocessor coupled to the host processor, wherein the cryptographic coprocessor, in operation, performs a cryptographic operation in response to a request from the application, the performing the cryptographic operation including multiplying a point by a scalar, the point belonging to a mathematical set with a group structure, and protecting the scalar during the multiplying, the multiplying and protecting including:
dividing the scalar into a plurality of groups formed of a same number w of digits, w being greater than or equal to 2; and
executing, for each group of digits, of a sequence of operations on the point, the sequence of operations having a same sequence for each group of digits, at least one of the operations executed for each of the groups of digits being a dummy operation,
wherein the same sequence of operations comprises:
the execution, w times, of a double operation;
the execution of an add operation; and
the execution, w−1 times, of the double operation.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the multiplying and protecting includes, before the division into a plurality of groups of digits, re-encoding of the scalar in a non-adjacent windowed form of parameter w.
20. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the mathematical set is an elliptic curve or an hyperelliptic curve.
21. The system according to claim 20 , wherein the curve is a Koblitz curve defined by a set of points having the following form:
{( x,y )∈ K×K:y 2 +xy=x 3 +ax 2 +1}
where a is equal to 0 or 1, K is a finite binary field, and x and y define coordinates of a point on the Koblitz curve.
22. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the cryptographic coprocessor, in operation, generates a result of the multiplication of the point by the scalar based on the execution of the sequences of operation for the plurality of groups of digits.
23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having contents which configure cryptographic circuitry to perform a cryptographic operation in response to a request from an application, the performing the cryptographic operation including:
multiplying a point by a scalar, the point belonging to a mathematical set with a group structure; and
protecting the scalar during the multiplying, the multiplying and protecting including:
dividing the scalar into a plurality of groups formed of a same number w of digits, w being greater than or equal to 2; and
executing, for each group of digits, of a sequence of operations on the point, the sequence of operations having a same sequence for each group of digits, at least one of the operations executed for each of the groups of digits being a dummy operation,
wherein the same sequence of operations comprises:
the execution, w times, of a double operation;
the execution of an add operation; and
the execution, w−1 times, of the double operation.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23 , wherein the contents comprise instructions executed by the cryptographic circuitry.
25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23 , wherein the multiplying and protecting includes, before the division into a plurality of groups of digits, re-encoding of the scalar in a non-adjacent windowed form of parameter w.
26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 23 , wherein the multiplying and protecting comprises generating a result of the multiplication of the point by the scalar based on the execution of the sequences of operation for the plurality of groups of digits.