Millimeter wave imaging systems and methods using direct conversion receivers and/or modulation techniques
Examples of active millimeter-wave imaging systems are described which may utilize modulation schemes to provide illumination signals. The use of modulation techniques may allow for the use of direct-conversion receivers while retaining an ability to separate desired received signal from self-jamming and/or DC offset signal(s) generated by the direct-conversion receivers. In some examples, modulation schemes include the use of balanced orthogonal codes which may support MIMO or massive MIMO imaging systems.
1. An imaging system comprising:
an illumination system, the illumination system configured to:
generate a plurality of modulated radio frequency signals from a plurality of carrier wave sources using a plurality of digital symbols comprising balanced codes; and
provide, based at least on the plurality of modulated radio frequency signals, illumination signals;
a plurality of antennas coupled to the illumination system and configured to illuminate a scene, based at least on the illumination signals;
a plurality of direct conversion receivers, each configured to receive energy from scattered illumination signals and provide receiver output, the receiver output resulting in part from scattering of the illumination signals from the scene and in part from self-jamming signals; and
an imaging processor coupled to the plurality of direct conversion receivers, the imaging processor configured to provide image data associated with the scene based on the energy from the scattered illumination signals, wherein the image data associated with the scene is provided based on adjusting the receiver output using complex values obtained during a system calibration, and wherein the system calibration is performed prior to, or subsequent to, generation of the receiver output.
2. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of the self-jamming signals.
3. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of an in-phase and quadrature channel DC offset associated with the imaging system.
4. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the system calibration includes terminating an input of each of the plurality of direct conversion receivers with a matched load.
5. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the system calibration occurred at least in part in response to a change in temperature of the direct conversion receivers.
6. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the modulated radio frequency signals comprise orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals.
7. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the scene comprises one or more objects carried on a conveyor belt, and wherein the plurality of antennas are positioned to illuminate the objects.
8. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the image data associated with the scene comprises an image of at least one item within a container.
9. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver output is transmitted to the image processor, and wherein the image processor is located outside an environment to be sensed.
10. A method for imaging a scene, the method comprising:
modulating a plurality of radio frequency signals using a plurality of digital symbols comprising balanced codes to provide a plurality of illumination signals;
illuminating the scene with the plurality of illumination signals using a plurality of antennas;
receiving, using a plurality of direct conversion receivers configured to provide receiver output, the receiver output comprising energy from scattered illumination signals resulting in part from scattering of the plurality of illumination signals from the scene and in part from self-jamming signals;
generating image data associated with the scene based on the energy from the scattered illumination signals, wherein generating the image data associated with the scene comprises adjusting the receiver output using complex values obtained during a system calibration; and
conducting the system calibration prior to, or subsequent to, generation of the receiver output.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of the self-jamming signals.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of an in-phase and quadrature channel DC offset associated with an imaging system used to generate the image data.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein conducting the system calibration includes terminating an input of each of the plurality of direct conversion receivers with a matched load.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein said conducting the system calibration occurs at least in part in response to a change in temperature of the plurality of direct conversion receivers.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the radio frequency signals comprise orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein said illuminating the scene comprises illuminating one or more objects carried on a conveyor belt, and wherein the plurality of antennas are positioned to illuminate the one or more objects.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising transmitting the receiver output to an image processor, wherein the image processor is located outside an environment to be sensed.
18. An imaging system comprising:
an illumination system, the illumination system configured to:
generate a plurality of modulated radio frequency signals from a plurality of carrier wave sources using a plurality of digital symbols comprising balanced codes; and
provide, based at least on the plurality of modulated radio frequency signals, illumination signals;
a plurality of antennas coupled to the illumination system and configured to illuminate a scene, based at least on the illumination signals;
a plurality of direct conversion receivers, each configured to receive energy from scattered illumination signals and provide receiver output, the receiver output resulting in part from scattering of the illumination signals from the scene and in part from self-jamming signals; and
an imaging processor coupled to the plurality of direct conversion receivers, the imaging processor configured to provide image data associated with the scene based on the energy from the scattered illumination signals, wherein the image data associated with the scene is provided based on adjusting the receiver output using complex values obtained during a system calibration, wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of the self-jamming signals.
19. An imaging system comprising:
an illumination system, the illumination system configured to:
generate a plurality of modulated radio frequency signals from a plurality of carrier wave sources using a plurality of digital symbols comprising balanced codes; and
provide, based at least on the plurality of modulated radio frequency signals, illumination signals;
a plurality of antennas coupled to the illumination system and configured to illuminate a scene, based at least on the illumination signals;
a plurality of direct conversion receivers, each configured to receive energy from scattered illumination signals and provide receiver output, the receiver output resulting in part from scattering of the illumination signals from the scene and in part from self-jamming signals; and
an imaging processor coupled to the plurality of direct conversion receivers, the imaging processor configured to provide image data associated with the scene based on the energy from the scattered illumination signals, wherein the image data associated with the scene is provided based on adjusting the receiver output using complex values obtained during a system calibration, wherein the system calibration is configured to provide an estimate of an in-phase and quadrature channel DC offset associated with the imaging system.
20. The imaging system of claim 19 , wherein the modulated radio frequency signals comprise orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals.