Method for preparing transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles
A method for preparing transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles is provided. This method includes the following steps: a) preparing vesicles made from at least one matrix substance in an aqueous medium having an osmolarity of not more than 200 mOsm/l, wherein the matrix substance is chosen from the group consisting of amphiphilic lipids and amphiphilic block copolymers, b) transferring the vesicles into a basic or acidic buffer having an osmolarity being at least 200 mOsm/l higher than the osmolarity of the aqueous medium of step a) to apply an osmotic shock to the vesicles and to obtain buffer-filled vesicles and c) diluting a mixture of the aqueous medium and the basic or acidic buffer containing the buffer-filled vesicles by adding a neutralizing solution to obtain transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles suspended in a suspension buffer, wherein the suspension buffer differs from the basic or acidic buffer in pH value.
1. A method for preparing transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles, comprising the steps of:
a) preparing vesicles made from at least one matrix substance in an aqueous medium having an osmolarity of not more than 200 mOsm/l, wherein the matrix substance is chosen from the group consisting of amphiphilic lipids and amphiphilic block copolymers,
b) mixing the vesicles with a basic or acidic buffer having an osmolarity being at least 200 mOsm/l higher than the osmolarity of the aqueous medium of step a) to apply an osmotic shock to the vesicles and to obtain buffer-filled vesicles and
c) diluting a mixture of the aqueous medium and the basic or acidic buffer containing the buffer-filled vesicles by adding a neutralizing solution to obtain transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles suspended in a suspension buffer, wherein the suspension buffer differs from the basic or acidic buffer in pH value.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vesicles prepared in step a) are sterilized to obtain sterilized vesicles prior to carrying out step b) with these sterilized vesicles.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vesicles are stored for a first period of time prior to carrying out step b).
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out at a temperature that is below a phase transition temperature of the matrix substance.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out at a temperature of not more than 35° C.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the osmolarity of the basic or acidic buffer is at least 250 mOsm/l.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture of the aqueous medium and the basic or acidic buffer in which the buffer-filled vesicles are suspended at the end of step b) has an osmolarity of at least 200 mOsm/l.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralizing solution has an osmolarity of between 250 mOsm/l and 550 mOsm/l.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises at least one substance chosen from the group consisting of glycerol, xylitol, TRIS, glucose, magnesium salts, sodium hydroxide, sodium salts and calcium salts.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH value of the suspension buffer containing the transmembrane pH-gradient vesicles is in a range of 5.5 to 8.5.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium is chosen from the group consisting of water, aqueous solutions of organic salts, aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, aqueous solutions of organic substances, and combinations thereof.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix substance is chosen from the group consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol-amine-N-[methoxy(PEG)-2000], cholesterol and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and combinations thereof.