System and method for cryptographic choice mechanisms
The present invention provides an improved system and method for using cryptography to secure computer-implemented choice mechanisms. In several preferred embodiments, a process is provided for securing participants' submissions while simultaneously providing the capability of validating their submissions. This is referred to as a random permutation. In several other preferred embodiments, a process is provided for securing participants' advance instructions while simultaneously providing the capability of validating their advance instructions. This is referred to as a secure advance instruction. Applications include voting mechanisms, school choice mechanisms, and auction mechanisms.
1. A computer system for securing bid submissions relating to one or more items while simultaneously validating the bid submissions, said computer system comprising at least one computer, comprising:
receiving means of a first computer of said computer system for receiving a bid submission from each of at least two bidders, wherein each said bid submission includes one or more prices for one or more items and wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted; and
validating means of said first computer for validating each said bid submission in relation to one or more constraints on the prices included within said bid submission, wherein said validating occurs while said prices are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
2. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted by a process of random permutation.
3. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted by a process of secure advance instructions.
4. The computer system of claim 1 , which further comprises encrypting means of a second computer of said computer system for encrypting the prices included within a bid submission from one of the at least two bidders and encrypting means of a third computer of said computer system for encrypting the prices included within a bid submission from another of the at least two bidders, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
5. The computer system of claim 4 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
6. The computer system of claim 4 , wherein bid submission occurs within a simultaneous multiple round auction.
7. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein each said bid submission further indicates one or more quantities of one or more items, and wherein said validating occurs while both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by each said bid submission are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
8. The computer system of claim 7 , which further comprises encrypting means of a second computer of said computer system for encrypting both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by a bid submission from one of the bidders and encrypting means of a third computer of said computer system for encrypting both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by a bid submission from another of the bidders, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
9. The computer system of claim 8 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
10. A computer system for securing bid submissions relating to one or more items while simultaneously validating the bid submissions, said computer system comprising at least one computer, comprising:
receiving means of a first computer of said computer system for receiving a bid submission from each of at least two bidders, wherein each said bid submission indicates one or more quantities of one or more items and wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted; and
validating means of said first computer for validating each said bid submission in relation to one or more constraints on the quantities indicated by said bid submission, wherein said validating occurs while said quantities are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
11. The computer system of claim 10 , wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted by a process of random permutation.
12. The computer system of claim 10 , wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted by a process of secure advance instructions.
13. The computer system of claim 10 , which further comprises encrypting means of a second computer of said computer system for encrypting the quantities indicated by a bid submission from one of the at least two bidders and encrypting means of a third computer of said computer system for encrypting the quantities indicated by a bid submission from another of the at least two bidders, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
14. The computer system of claim 13 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
15. The computer system of claim 13 , wherein bid submission occurs within a dynamic auction and the validating means validates bid submissions in relation to an activity rule that constrains a bidder's current bid submissions based on the bidder's prior bid submissions.
16. A method for securing bid submissions relating to one or more items while simultaneously validating the bid submissions, said method implemented on a computer system comprising at least one computer, said method comprising:
receiving a bid submission from each of at least two bidders on a first computer of said computer system, wherein each said bid submission includes one or more prices for one or more items and wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted; and
validating each said bid submission on said first computer in relation to one or more constraints on the prices included within said bid submission, wherein said validating occurs while said prices are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted by a process of random permutation.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the prices included within said bid submission are encrypted by a process of secure advance instructions.
19. The method of claim 16 , which further comprises encrypting the prices included within a bid submission from one of the at least two bidders on a second computer of said computer system and encrypting the prices included within a bid submission from another of the at least two bidders on a third computer of said computer system, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein bid submission occurs within a simultaneous multiple round auction.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein each said bid submission further indicates one or more quantities of one or more items, and wherein said validating occurs while both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by each said bid submission are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
23. The method of 22 , which further comprises encrypting both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by a bid submission from one of the bidders on a second computer of said computer system and encrypting both the prices included within and the quantities indicated by a bid submission from another of the bidders on a third computer of said computer system, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
25. A method for securing bid submissions relating to one or more items while simultaneously validating the bid submissions, said method implemented on a computer system comprising at least one computer, said method comprising:
receiving a bid submission from each of at least two bidders on a first computer of said computer system, wherein each said bid submission indicates one or more quantities of one or more items and wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted; and
validating each said bid submission on said first computer in relation to one or more constraints on the quantities indicated by said bid submission, wherein said validating occurs while said quantities are encrypted and without access to an associated encryption key.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted by a process of random permutation.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the quantities indicated by said bid submission are encrypted by a process of secure advance instructions.
28. The method of claim 25 , which further comprises encrypting the quantities indicated by a bid submission from one of the at least two bidders on a second computer of said computer system and encrypting the quantities indicated by a bid submission from another of the at least two bidders on a third computer of said computer system, said second and third computers each located remotely from said first computer and interconnected by a computer network.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein bid submission occurs within a clock auction in which bids are allowed at any price point between successive clock prices.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein bid submission occurs within a dynamic auction and the validating validates bid submissions in relation to an activity rule that constrains a bidder's current bid submissions based on the bidder's prior bid submissions.