Data modulated signal generation in a multi-wire irrigation control system
In some embodiments, apparatuses and methods are provided herein useful to providing power and data to an irrigation device. In some embodiments, a decoder unit for an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path comprises an input interface configured to couple to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system and to receive an output AC signal modulated with data and transmitted by an encoder of the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path; a switch coupled to the input interface; a decoder circuit connected to the input interface. In some embodiment, the decoder circuit comprises a control circuit configured to decode the data from the received output AC signal; determine that the irrigation device is to be activated; and output a control signal to the switch.
1. A decoder unit for an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path, the decoder unit comprising:
an input interface configured to couple to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system and to receive an output AC signal modulated with the data and transmitted by an encoder of the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path;
a switch coupled to the input interface and configured to couple to a solenoid of an irrigation device;
a decoder circuit connected to the input interface and comprising a decoder circuit control circuit, wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is configured to:
decode the data from a received output AC signal input to the decoder circuit;
determine, from the decoded data, that the irrigation device is to be activated; and
output a control signal to the switch to cause the switch to close and connect the output AC signal to the solenoid; and
a current measure circuit coupled to the switch and configured to measure a current of the output AC signal passing through the switch and being drawn by the solenoid and provide a first output signal comprising a measure of the current to the decoder circuit control circuit;
wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine, based on the measure of the current, whether the solenoid is operating properly or whether a ground short condition exists, wherein the current measure circuit is further configured to measure the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch after a predetermined time delay following a closing of the switch to account for an initial inrush current passing through the switch.
2. The decoder unit of claim 1 , wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine that the ground short condition exists when the measure of the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch is greater than a first threshold.
3. The decoder unit of claim 2 , wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine that an open circuit condition exists when the measure of the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch is less than a second threshold, and wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold.
4. The decoder unit of claim 1 , further comprising a light emitting diode (LED) mounted on a housing enclosing the decoder circuit, the switch, and the current measure circuit, the LED configured to illuminate when the decoder circuit control circuit determines the ground short condition exists.
5. The decoder unit of claim 1 , further comprising a light emitting diode (LED) configured to illuminate when the decoder circuit control circuit determines at least one of the ground short condition exists, the solenoid is being actuated, the decoder unit is in a programming mode, or an open circuit condition exists.
6. The decoder unit of claim 1 , wherein the output AC signal is a sinusoidal signal, and wherein the control signal is a pulse width modulation control signal.
7. A decoder unit for an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path, the decoder unit comprising:
an input interface configured to couple to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system and to receive an output AC signal modulated with the data and transmitted by an encoder of the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path;
a switch coupled to the input interface and configured to couple to a solenoid of an irrigation device;
a decoder circuit connected to the input interface and comprising a decoder circuit control circuit, wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is configured to:
decode the data from a received output AC signal input to the decoder circuit;
determine, from the decoded data, that the irrigation device is to be activated; and
output a control signal to the switch to cause the switch to close and connect the output AC signal to the solenoid;
a current measure circuit coupled to the switch and configured to measure a current of the output AC signal passing through the switch and being drawn by the solenoid and provide a first output signal comprising a measure of the current to the decoder circuit control circuit; and
a voltage clipper circuit configured to receive the output AC signal and outputs a clipped signal to the decoder circuit, wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to detect zero crossings of the output AC signal and determine a frequency associated with the output AC signal based on the clipped signal; wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine, based on the measure of the current, whether the solenoid is operating properly or whether a ground short condition exists.
8. The decoder unit of claim 7 , wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine that the ground short condition exists when the measure of the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch is greater than a first threshold.
9. The decoder unit of claim 8 , wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine that an open circuit condition exists when the measure of the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch is less than a second threshold, and wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold.
10. The decoder unit of claim 7 , further comprising a light emitting diode (LED) mounted on a housing enclosing the decoder circuit, the switch, and the current measure circuit, the LED configured to illuminate when the decoder circuit control circuit determines the ground short condition exists.
11. The decoder unit of claim 7 , further comprising a light emitting diode (LED) configured to illuminate when the decoder circuit control circuit determines at least one of the ground short condition exists, the solenoid is being actuated, the decoder unit is in a programming mode, or an open circuit condition exists.
12. A decoder unit for an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path, the decoder unit comprising:
an input interface configured to couple to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system and to receive an output AC signal modulated with the data and transmitted by an encoder of the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path, wherein a modulation of the output AC signal comprises selective modulation of a frequency of one or more cycles of the output AC signal to have a selectable one of a plurality of frequencies;
a switch coupled to the input interface and configured to couple to a solenoid of an irrigation device;
a decoder circuit coupled to the input interface, the decoder circuit comprising:
a filter coupled to the input interface and configured to filter the output AC signal;
a clipper circuit coupled to an output of the filter, wherein the clipper circuit is configured to limit an amplitude of a filtered output AC signal; and
a decoder circuit control circuit configured to:
receive a filtered and clipped output AC signal from the clipper circuit;
detect zero crossings and timing of the zero crossings of the filtered and clipped output AC signal;
determine the frequency of the one or more cycles of the output AC signal;
decode the data modulated on the output AC signal based the frequency of multiple sets of the one or more cycles of the output AC signal;
determine, from the decoded data, that the irrigation device is to be activated; and
output a control signal to the switch to cause the switch to close and connect the output AC signal to the solenoid.
13. The decoder unit of claim 12 , wherein a closing of the switch causes a solenoid activated valve to actuate to an open position allowing water to flow to sprinkler devices.
14. The decoder unit of claim 12 , wherein a closing of the switch draws current and the power to the solenoid.
15. The decoder unit of claim 12 , further comprising a current measure circuit coupled to the switch and configured to measure a current of the output AC signal passing through the switch and being drawn by the solenoid and provide a first output signal comprising a measure of the current to the decoder circuit control circuit.
16. The decoder unit of claim 15 , wherein the decoder circuit control circuit is further configured to determine, based on the measure of the current, whether the solenoid is operating properly or whether a ground short condition exists.
17. The decoder unit of claim 12 , further comprising a light emitting diode (LED) configured to illuminate when the decoder circuit control circuit determines at least one of a ground short condition exists, the solenoid is being actuated, the decoder unit is in a programming mode, or an open circuit condition exists.
18. The decoder unit of claim 12 , wherein the decoded data comprises addressing data and command data, and wherein the command data is executed upon a determination that the addressing data is associated with the decoder unit.
19. The decoder unit of claim 12 , wherein the decoded data comprises addressing data and command data, and wherein the command data is not executed upon a determination that the addressing data is not associated with the decoder unit.
20. The decoder unit of claim 12 , wherein the selective modulation of the frequency during a first period results in the one or more cycles of the output AC signal being at one or more first frequencies to synchronize a start of a modulated data portion of the output AC signal;
wherein the selective modulation of the frequency during a second period results in the one or more cycles of the output AC signal being at one or more second frequencies to create the modulated data portion; and
wherein the selective modulation of the frequency during a third period results in the one or more cycles of the output AC signal being at the one or more first frequencies to synchronize an end of the modulated data portion of the output AC signal.
21. The decoder unit of claim 12 , further comprising a programming sensor configured to output a signal to the decoder circuit control circuit, the signal causes the decoder circuit control circuit to enter into a programming mode such that the decoder circuit control circuit is receptive to and store programming commands demodulated from the output AC signal.
22. A method for a decoder unit of an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path, the method comprising:
receiving, at an input interface of the decoder unit coupled to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system, an output AC signal modulated with data and having been transmitted by the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path;
decoding, by a decoder circuit control circuit of a decoder circuit of the decoder unit, the data from the output AC signal;
determining, by the decoder circuit control circuit and from the decoded data, that an irrigation device is to be activated;
outputting, by the decoder circuit control circuit, a control signal to cause a switch to close and connect the output AC signal to a solenoid of the irrigation device;
measuring, by a current measure circuit coupled to the switch, a current of the output AC signal passing through the switch after a predetermined time delay following a closing of the switch to account for an initial inrush current passing through the switch;
providing, by the current measure circuit, a first output signal comprising the measure of the current of the output AC signal passing through the switch of the decoder circuit control circuit; and
determining, by the decoder circuit control circuit and based on the measure of the current, whether one of the solenoid is operating properly and whether a ground short condition exists.
23. A method for a decoder unit of an irrigation system that receives power and data from an irrigation control unit over a multi-wire path, the method comprising:
receiving, at an input interface of the decoder unit coupled to the multi-wire path of a decoder-based irrigation control system, an output AC signal modulated with data and having been transmitted by the irrigation control unit over the multi-wire path, wherein a modulation of the output AC signal comprises selective modulation of a frequency of one or more cycles of the output AC signal to have a selectable one of a plurality of frequencies;
filtering, by a filter coupled to the input interface, the output AC signal;
limiting, by a clipper circuit coupled to an output of the filter, an amplitude of a filtered output AC signal;
receiving, by a decoder circuit control circuit, a filtered and clipped output AC signal from the clipper circuit;
detecting, by the decoder circuit control circuit, zero crossings and timing of the zero crossings of the filtered and clipped output AC signal;
determining, by the decoder circuit control circuit, the frequency of the one or more cycles of the output AC signal;
decoding, by the decoder circuit control circuit, the data modulated on the output AC signal based the frequency of multiple sets of the one or more cycles of the output AC signal;
determining, by the decoder circuit control circuit and from the decoded data, that an irrigation device is to be activated; and
outputting, by the decoder circuit control circuit, a control signal to a switch coupled to the input interface to a solenoid of the irrigation device to cause the switch to close and connect the output AC signal to the solenoid.