Integrated linear generator system
An integrated linear generator system includes, for example, a generator assembly, a control system, a frame system, an exhaust system, an intake system, a cooling system, a bearing system, one or more auxiliary systems, or a combination thereof. The generator system is configured to generate power, as controlled by the control system. The generator assembly may include an opposed- and free-piston linear generator, configured to operate on a two-stroke cycle. The intake and exhaust systems are configured to provide reactants to and remove products from the generator assembly, respectively. The cooling system is configured to effect heat transfer, material temperature, or both, of components of the integrated linear generator system. The bearing system is configured to constrain the off-axis motion of translators of the generator assembly without applying significant friction forces. The frame system is configured to manage rigidity, flexibility, and alignment of components of the integrated linear generator system.
1. A frame for a linear generator, the linear generator comprising two free-piston assemblies, the frame comprising: a plurality of structural members to mount and laterally align: a central cylinder arranged along an axis; two linear electromagnetic machines (LEMs), each arranged along the axis on a respective side of the central cylinder; and two gas spring cylinders that form respective gas springs, each arranged along the axis outboard of a respective LEM, wherein the two free-piston assemblies are to move along the axis relative to the laterally aligned central cylinder and two gas spring cylinders without mechanical linkages, and wherein at least one structural member of the plurality of structural members is to counteract axial forces from pressure in the respective gas springs caused by the respective free-piston assembly; and at least one tie rod in tension to provide a compressive pre-load on the frame along the axis.
2. The frame of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of structural members provide a plurality of access areas configured to accommodate the central cylinder, the two LEMs, and the two gas spring cylinders.
3. The frame of claim 1 , wherein:
the two gas spring cylinders comprise a first cylinder and a second cylinder;
the two LEMs comprise a first LEM and a second LEM;
the first cylinder is laterally aligned to the first LEM; and
the second cylinder is laterally aligned to the second LEM.
4. The frame of claim 1 , wherein:
a first LEM of the two LEMs comprises a first stator bore; and
a second LEM of the two LEMs comprises a second stator bore, wherein the first stator bore is laterally aligned to the second stator bore.
5. The frame of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of structural members are configured to maintain a center line for the central cylinder, the two LEMs, and the two gas spring cylinders.
6. The frame of claim 1 , wherein the axis is a first axis, and wherein the plurality of structural members comprise:
at least one axial member extending along a second axis parallel to the first axis;
at least one lateral member affixed to the at least one axial member; and
a first end member arranged at a first axial end of the at least one axial member.
7. A frame for a linear generator, the linear generator comprising two free-piston assemblies, the frame comprising: at least one axial member extending along an axis parallel to a center line of the linear generator; at least one lateral member affixed to the at least one axial member; a first end member arranged at a first axial end of the at least one axial member; a second end member arranged at a second axial end of the at least one axial member, wherein the two free-piston assemblies are to move along the center line, wherein a first gas spring cylinder is affixed to the first end member without mechanical linkage to the two free-piston assemblies, wherein a second gas spring cylinder is affixed to the second end member without mechanical linkage to the two free-piston assemblies, and wherein the at least one axial member is to counteract axial forces from pressure in the first and second gas spring cylinders; and at least one tie rod configured to be tension to provide a compressive pre-load on the frame along the axis.
8. The frame of claim 7 , wherein:
the at least one lateral member comprises four lateral members; and
the four lateral members, the first end member, and the second end member form five access areas.
9. The frame of claim 7 , wherein the frame is configured to mount:
a central cylinder;
two stators, each arranged on a respective side of the central cylinder; and
the first and second gas spring cylinders, each arranged outboard of a respective stator of the two stators.
10. The frame of claim 9 , configured to provide radial alignment among the central cylinder, the two stators, and the first and second gas spring cylinders.
11. The frame of claim 9 , configured to provide radial and azimuthal alignment among the central cylinder, the two stators, and the first and second gas spring cylinders.
12. A linear generator comprising: a frame comprising a plurality of structural members; two linear electromagnetic machines (LEMs) affixed to the frame and laterally aligned to each other, wherein each of the two LEMS are arranged to interact with a respective free-piston assembly; a central cylinder affixed to a center of the frame between the two LEMs and laterally aligned to the two LEMs; two gas spring cylinders affixed to the frame and that form respective gas springs without mechanical linkages to the respective free-piston assembly, each laterally aligned to a respective LEM of the two LEMs, wherein each respective free-piston assembly are to move along an axis relative to the laterally aligned central cylinder and two gas spring cylinders, and wherein at least one structural member of the plurality of structural members is to counteract axial forces from pressure in the respective gas springs caused by the respective free-piston assembly; and at least one tie rod in tension to provide a compressive pre-load on the frame along an axis of the frame.
13. The linear generator of claim 12 , wherein the frame comprises one or more openings arranged on a top side configured to allow insertion of the central cylinder into the frame.
14. The linear generator of claim 12 , wherein the frame comprises two openings arranged on a top side configured to allow insertion of the two LEMs into the frame.
15. The linear generator of claim 12 , wherein the frame comprises:
a first access area arranged to accommodate a first LEM of the two LEMs;
a second access area arranged to accommodate a second LEM of the two LEMs;
a third access area arranged to accommodate the central cylinder;
a fourth access area arranged to accommodate a first gas spring cylinder of the two gas spring cylinders; and
a fifth access area arranged to accommodate a second gas spring cylinder of the two gas spring cylinders.
16. The linear generator of claim 15 , wherein the first access area and the fifth access are laterally aligned.
17. The linear generator of claim 12 , further comprising a cylinder mount affixed to the frame and coupled to the central cylinder to provide axial compliance to the central cylinder.
18. A frame for a linear generator comprising: a plurality of structural members to mount and laterally align: a central cylinder arranged along an axis; two linear electromagnetic machines (LEMs), each arranged along the axis on a respective opposing side of the central cylinder; and two gas spring cylinders that form respective gas springs in contact with respective free-piston assemblies without a mechanical linkage, each arranged along the axis outboard of a respective LEM; and at least one tie rod to provide an axial compressive pre-load on the at least one structural member of the plurality of structural members to counteract forces generated by the respective gas springs.