Method for separation and quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene (BTEX) using high performance liquid chromatography
Disclosed are methods and systems for quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene. High-performance liquid chromatography using a carbon stationary phase and a gradient mobile phase is performed. The carbon stationary phase can be a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase. The mobile phase includes an organic acid in water and an alcohol. The organic acid can include formic acid, and the alcohol can include methanol. The methods and systems achieve a resolution between xylene isomer peaks of greater than 2.0.
1. A method for the determination of concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbon components in industrial samples, the method comprising the steps of:
injecting a prepared sample into a high-performance liquid chromatography column, wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography column comprises a carbon stationary phase, further wherein the prepared sample comprises the aromatic hydrocarbon components, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon components are selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and combinations of the same, wherein the xylene isomers are selected from the group consisting of: o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and combinations of the same;
introducing a mobile phase into the carbon stationary phase, wherein the mobile phase comprises an organic acid in water and an alcohol;
increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase such that the mobile phase reaches a concentration of 100% of the alcohol and 0% of the organic acid in water, such that a gradient elution is performed; then
decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase; and
quantitating, based on the gradient elution, a concentration of the xylene isomers in the prepared sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method produces a resolution of greater than 2.0 of p-xylene from o-xylene and ethyl benzene.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the prepared sample is prepared from a sample comprising a xylene isomers concentration in the range from 0.001 wt % to 0.05 wt %.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
preparing a sample for analysis by:
diluting the sample with an alcohol, generating a first dilution;
filtering the first dilution, generating a filtered first dilution;
diluting the filtered first dilution with alcohol, generating the prepared sample.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is methanol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of organic acid is 0.1 vol % in water.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the organic acid is formic acid.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the steps of increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase, then decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase, is carried out in accordance with the following time intervals and concentrations:
0.1 vol % Organic Acid in Water
Alcohol (vol % of the
Time (min)
(vol % of the mobile phase)
mobile phase)
0.00
50
50
40.0
20
80
50.0
0
100
55.0
0
100
55.1
50
50
65.0
50
50.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mobile phase is introduced at a rate of less than or equal to 1 mL/minute.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon stationary phase is a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the prepared sample is obtained from an industrial process.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the industrial process is selected from the group consisting of: aromatics processing, aromatics separation, hydrodearylation, transalkylation, fluid catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, steam cracking, hydroprocessing, reforming, petrochemical processing, and combinations of the same.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of quantitating, based on the gradient elution, a concentration of the o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene components in the prepared sample comprises the steps of:
analyzing a calibration standard by:
injecting a calibration standard into a high-performance liquid chromatography column, wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography column comprises a carbon stationary phase, further wherein the calibration standard comprises aromatic hydrocarbon components, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon components are selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and combinations of the same, wherein the xylene isomers are selected from the group consisting of: o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and combinations of the same;
introducing a mobile phase into the carbon stationary phase, wherein the mobile phase comprises an organic acid in water and an alcohol;
increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase such that the mobile phase reaches a concentration of 100% of the alcohol and 0% of the organic acid in water, such that a gradient elution is performed; then
decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase; and
generating a calibration standard chromatogram;
constructing a linear calibration plot for o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene based upon the calibration standard chromatogram;
determining a peak height of each of o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene peaks, the peak height being calculated from a resulting sample chromatogram, wherein the resulting sample chromatogram is generated by an analysis of the prepared sample; and
calculating a quantity of each of o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene in the prepared sample by correlating the resulting sample chromatogram with the linear calibration plot.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of quantitating, based on the gradient elution, a concentration of the o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene components in the prepared sample comprises the steps of:
analyzing a calibration standard by:
injecting a calibration standard into a high-performance liquid chromatography column, wherein the high-performance liquid chromatography column comprises a carbon stationary phase, further wherein the calibration standard comprises aromatic hydrocarbon components, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon components are selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and combinations of the same, wherein the xylene isomers are selected from the group consisting of: o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and combinations of the same;
introducing a mobile phase into the carbon stationary phase, wherein the mobile phase comprises an organic acid in water and an alcohol;
increasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and decreasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase such that the mobile phase reaches a concentration of 100% of the alcohol and 0% of the organic acid in water, such that a gradient elution is performed; then
decreasing the concentration of the alcohol in the mobile phase and increasing the concentration of the organic acid in water in the mobile phase; and
generating a calibration standard chromatogram;
constructing a linear calibration plot for o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene based upon the calibration standard chromatogram;
determining a peak area of each of o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene peaks, the peak area being calculated from a resulting sample chromatogram, wherein the resulting sample chromatogram is generated by an analysis of the prepared sample; and
calculating a quantity of each of o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene in the prepared sample by correlating the resulting sample chromatogram with the linear calibration plot.