Methods and systems for treating hypertension using an implantable stimulator
A method of treating hypertension includes an implantable stimulator generating stimulation sessions at a duty cycle that is less than 0.05 and applying the stimulation sessions by way of the central electrode and the annular electrode to a location associated with the hypertension and within a patient.
1. A method of treating hypertension, comprising:
generating, by an implantable stimulator, stimulation sessions at a duty cycle that is less than 0.05, wherein
the duty cycle is a ratio of T3 to T4, where T3 is a first number and where T4 is a second number,
each stimulation session included in the stimulation sessions has a duration of T3 minutes and occurs at a rate of once every T4 minutes, and
the implantable stimulator comprises a central electrode of a first polarity centrally located on a first surface of a housing of the implantable stimulator and an annular electrode of a second polarity and that is spaced apart from the central electrode; and
applying, by the implantable stimulator, the stimulation sessions by way of the central electrode and the annular electrode to a location associated with the hypertension and within the patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the implantable stimulator is powered by a rechargeable battery.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising receiving, by the implantable stimulator from an external controller, a power signal configured to recharge the rechargeable battery.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the implantable stimulator is powered by a primary battery.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the primary battery has an internal impedance greater than 5 ohms.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the housing of the implantable stimulator is coin-sized and coin-shaped.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the annular electrode is located on the first surface of the housing.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the annular electrode comprises a ring electrode located around a perimeter edge of the housing.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the annular electrode comprises a plurality of electrode segments each having the second polarity and spaced apart from each other in a circumferential pattern around the central electrode.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein T3 is at least 10 minutes and less than 60 minutes, and wherein T4 is at least 1440 minutes.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a lead is attached to the implantable stimulator; and
the applying the stimulation sessions further comprises applying one or more of the stimulation sessions by way of a plurality of electrodes located on the lead.
12. An implantable stimulator, comprising:
a housing;
a central electrode of a first polarity and centrally located on a first surface of the housing;
an annular electrode of a second polarity and that surrounds the central electrode on the first surface of the housing, the annular electrode being spaced apart from the central electrode; and
pulse generation circuitry located within the housing, the pulse generation circuitry configured to
generate stimulation sessions at a duty cycle that is less than 0.05, and
apply the stimulation sessions to a location associated with the hypertension and within a patient by way of the central electrode and the annular electrode;
wherein
the duty cycle is a ratio of T3 to T4, where T3 is a first number and where T4 is a second number, and
each stimulation session included in the stimulation sessions has a duration of T3 minutes and occurs at a rate of once every T4 minutes.
13. The implantable stimulator of claim 12 , further comprising a rechargeable battery within the housing and configured to provide power to the pulse generation circuitry.
14. The implantable stimulator of claim 13 , further comprising a receiver circuit within the housing and configured to receive, from an external controller, a power signal configured to recharge the rechargeable battery.
15. The implantable stimulator of claim 12 , further comprising a primary battery within the housing and configured to provide power to the pulse generation circuitry.
16. The implantable stimulator of claim 15 , wherein the primary battery has an internal impedance greater than 5 ohms.
17. The implantable stimulator of claim 12 , wherein the housing of the implantable stimulator is coin-sized and coin-shaped.
18. The implantable stimulator of claim 12 , wherein the annular electrode is located on the first surface of the housing.
19. The implantable stimulator of claim 12 , wherein the annular electrode comprises a ring electrode located around a perimeter edge of the housing.