Board with fiber-reinforced dense layer
Disclosed is a composite gypsum board comprising a set gypsum core disposed between face (e.g., Manila) and back (e.g., Newsline) cover sheets. The set gypsum core is formed from a core slurry comprising stucco, water, and optional additives, such as foaming agent, migrating starch, accelerator, retarder, dispersant, etc. A dense layer formed from a dense layer slurry comprising stucco, water, fiber (e.g., paper fiber), and optionally, strength-enhancing starch, is disposed between the core and the face paper. The dense layer slurry contains a greater concentration of fiber, and optionally, strength-enhancing starch, than the core slurry, but the concentration of one or more other additives (e.g., accelerator, retarder, dispersant, or combinations thereof) is lower or the same in the dense slurry as compared with the core slurry. Also disclosed is a method of making board using one board mixer. In embodiments, paper fiber is added to water to form a suspension. The suspension is introduced, while in a non-laminar state, into the dense slurry. Further disclosed is apparatus, such as an extractor and an additive injection system, which can be a part of a cementitious slurry mixing and dispensing assembly.
1. A method of preparing board, comprising:
providing a board mixer comprising a main body, and primary and secondary discharge conduits, respectively;
inserting stucco and water in the main body of the mixer to form a base slurry;
discharging a majority portion of the base slurry from the main body into the primary discharge conduit to form a core slurry;
discharging a minority portion of the base slurry from the main body into the secondary discharge conduit to form a dense layer slurry;
preparing a suspension comprising water and paper fiber having an average length from 0.5 mm to 4 mm and a diameter from 1 micron to 40 microns;
inserting the suspension into the dense layer slurry in the secondary discharge conduit while the suspension is in a non-laminar state to form a fiber-reinforced dense slurry, wherein the suspension is pumped at a flow velocity of at least 2.3 m/s such that turbulent flow is attained, wherein the dense layer slurry preferentially has a greater concentration of the paper fiber than the core slurry;
providing first and second cover sheets;
depositing the fiber-reinforced dense layer slurry over the first cover sheet;
depositing the core slurry over the fiber-reinforced dense layer slurry;
applying the second cover sheet over the core slurry to form a board precursor; and
allowing the precursor to set to form the board, the paper fiber present in an amount of at least 0.8% by weight of the stucco in the dense layer, the board having a nail pull resistance of at least 77 lb. according to ASTM 473-10, method B, and a density of 35 pcf or less.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a second dense layer slurry is provided between the core slurry and the second cover sheet, wherein the second dense layer slurry can be the same or different than the fiber-reinforced dense layer slurry.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-laminar state is turbulent.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to inserting the suspension into the dense layer slurry, the suspension is passed through a passageway having an inner diameter sufficient to subject the suspension to turbulent flow.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the passageway has an inner diameter of from 0.125 inch to 0.625 inch.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the passageway has an inner diameter of from 0.2 inch to 0.5 inch.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the passageway has an inner diameter of from 0.2 inch to 0.375 inch.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension has a Reynolds number of at least 2300 upon addition to the dense layer slurry.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the suspension has a Reynolds number of at least 3500 upon addition to the dense layer slurry.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension contains 1% to 8% of the paper fiber by weight.
11. The method of claim 1 , the suspension further comprising strength-enhancing starch.
12. The method of claim 1 , the suspension further comprising polyphosphate.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary discharge conduit is upstream of the primary discharge conduit.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the dense layer slurry is deposited upstream of the mixer.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the core slurry is deposited downstream of the mixer.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following additives: accelerator, retarder, dispersant, migrating starch, and polyphosphate, is inserted in the main body or primary discharge conduit but not the secondary discharge conduit.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the dense layer slurry has a greater concentration of the paper fiber, and optionally, the strength-enhancing starch, than the core slurry, and wherein the core slurry preferentially has the same or a greater concentration of at least three of the additives other than paper fiber as compared with the fiber-reinforced dense slurry.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the core slurry preferentially has the same or a greater concentration of at least four additives other than paper fiber as compared with the fiber-reinforced dense slurry.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the core slurry is free of a strength-enhancing starch.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension is pumped at a flow velocity of at least 3.0 m/s.