Aperture multiplier with depolarizer
An optical aperture multiplier includes a first optical waveguide ( 10 ) having a rectangular cross-section and including partially reflecting surfaces ( 40 ) at an oblique angle to a direction of elongation of the waveguide. A second optical waveguide ( 20 ), also including partially reflecting surfaces ( 45 ) at an oblique angle, is optically coupled with the first optical waveguide ( 10 ). An image coupled into the first optical waveguide with an initial direction of propagation at an oblique coupling angle advances by four-fold internal reflection along the first optical waveguide, with a proportion of intensity of the image reflected at the partially reflecting surfaces so as to be coupled into the second optical waveguide, and then propagates through two-fold reflection within the second optical waveguide, with a proportion of intensity of the image reflected at the partially reflecting surfaces so as to be directed outwards from one of the parallel faces as a visible image.
1. An optical system for directing image illumination injected at a coupling-in region to an eye-motion box for viewing by an eye of a user, the optical system comprising a light-guide optical element (LOE) formed from transparent material, said LOE comprising:
a first region containing a first set of planar, mutually-parallel, partially-reflecting surfaces having a first orientation;
a second region containing a second set of planar, mutually-parallel, partially-reflecting surfaces having a second orientation non-parallel to said first orientation;
a set of mutually-parallel major external surfaces, said major external surfaces extending across said first and second regions such that both said first set of partially-reflecting surfaces and said second set of partially-reflecting surfaces are located between said major external surfaces,
wherein said second set of partially-reflecting surfaces are at an oblique angle to said major external surfaces so that a part of image illumination propagating within said LOE by internal reflection at said major external surfaces from said first region into said second region is coupled out of said LOE towards the eye-motion box, and
wherein said first set of partially-reflecting surfaces are oriented so that a part of image illumination propagating within said LOE by internal reflection at said major external surfaces from said coupling-in region is deflected towards said second region,
said LOE further comprising an optical retarder deployed between said first region and said second region so as to rotate a polarization of light deflected by said first set of partially-reflecting surfaces prior to reaching said second set of partially-reflecting surfaces.
2. The optical system of claim 1 , further comprising a compact image projector (POD) optically coupled to the LOE so as to inject the image illumination into the coupling-in region of the LOE such that the image illumination becomes trapped in one dimension by internal reflection at said set of major external surfaces.
3. The optical system of claim 2 , wherein the POD is configured to generate a collimated image, collimated to infinity, such that the image illumination spans a range of angles corresponding to an angular field of view in two dimensions.
4. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first set of partially-reflecting surfaces are oriented orthogonal to said major external surfaces of the LOE.
5. The optical system of claim 4 , wherein both the image illumination and a conjugate of the image illumination are deflected into the second region.
6. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first set of partially-reflecting surfaces are oriented obliquely to said major external surfaces of the LOE.
7. The optical system of claim 6 , wherein either the image illumination or a conjugate of the image illumination is deflected into the second region.
8. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first set of partially-reflecting surfaces successively reflect a proportion of the image illumination propagating within said first region such that the image illumination undergoes expansion in a first dimension.
9. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the second set of partially-reflecting surfaces successively reflect a proportion of the image illumination propagating within said second region such that the image illumination undergoes expansion in a second dimension.
10. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first region is configured to achieve aperture expansion in one of an x-axis or y-axis direction, and the second region is configured to achieve aperture expansion in the other one of the x-axis or y-axis direction.
11. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second set of partially-reflecting surfaces are implemented as internal surfaces coated with dielectric thin film coatings configured to reflect light that impinges on said internal surfaces over a predetermined range of angles.
12. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the retarder is deployed within the LOE such that the retarder extends between the major external surfaces substantially perpendicular to said major external surfaces.