Systems and methods for corrosion resistant stainless steel coatings
In some embodiments, a coating applied to steel reinforcement bar (e.g., steel rebar) that could considerably extend the lifetime of concrete structures by reducing steel rebar corrosion is disclosed. The coating includes a thin, passivating steel (e.g., stainless steel) layer that is applied to the outside of conventional steel rebar. The coating can be applied in-line through metal cold spray manufacturing, which is a high throughput coating technique that can be integrated into existing steel manufacturing plants. Furthermore, a novel, high performance ferritic steel with tailored resistance to corrosion from chlorides is described. The new ferritic steel is distinct from other commercial and experimental steels, and is better suited for coating low-cost steel structures like rebar. Multiple alloying elements including Cr, Al, and Si will each form protective oxides independently, increasing the total amount of protection and extending it over much wider ranges of pH and electrical potential.
1. A corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy composition having a BCC ferrite matrix, comprising:
a bulk composition, comprising:
12-25 weight percent chromium (Cr);
2-10 weight percent molybdenum (Mo); and at least one or more of:
1.0-10 weight percent aluminum (Al); and
1.0-5 weight percent silicon (Si); and at least one or more of:
1.1-5 weight percent nickel (Ni);
0-1.0 weight percent manganese (Mn);
0.0-0.1 weight percent carbon (C);
0.0-0.1 weight percent nitrogen (N); and
0.0-0.05 weight percent sulfur(S); and
the balance of iron (Fe); and
a multilayer oxide coating formed on the bulk composition, comprising layers of at least two or more of:
aluminum oxide;
silicon dioxide; and
chromium oxide.
2. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
16-20 weight percent chromium (Cr);
3-6 weight percent molybdenum (Mo); and at least one or more of:
1.0-4 weight percent aluminum (Al);
1.0-2 weight percent silicon (Si); and at least one or more of:
1.1-2.0 weight percent nickel (Ni);
0.1-0.5 weight percent manganese (Mn);
0.0-0.1 weight percent carbon (C);
0.0-0.1 weight percent nitrogen (N); and
0.0-0.05 weight percent sulfur(S); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
3. The alloy composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises:
18 weight percent chromium (Cr);
6 weight percent molybdenum (Mo);
4 weight percent aluminum (Al);
2 weight percent silicon (Si); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
4. The alloy composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises:
18 weight percent chromium (Cr);
3 weight percent molybdenum (Mo);
4 weight percent aluminum (Al);
2 weight percent silicon (Si); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
5. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
18 weight percent chromium (Cr);
8 weight percent molybdenum (Mo);
5 weight percent aluminum (Al); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
6. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
18 weight percent chromium (Cr);
8 weight percent molybdenum (Mo);
2 weight percent silicon (Si); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
7. The alloy composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises:
18 weight percent chromium (Cr);
4 weight percent molybdenum (Mo); and
the balance of iron (Fe).
8. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a coating on a steel component.
9. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 150 microns and 2000 microns.
10. The alloy composition of claim 9 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 150 microns and 500 microns.
11. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
12. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 35 microns and 350 microns.
13. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 10 microns and 300 microns.
14. The alloy composition of claim 13 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 20 microns and 100 microns.
15. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean thickness of between 25 microns and 300 microns.
16. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the steel component.
17. The alloy composition of claim 16 , wherein the coating on the steel component resists corrosion of the steel component.
18. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a bulk material.
19. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a collection of corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy particles.
20. The alloy composition of claim 19 , wherein the corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy particles have a mean particle size of between 5 microns and 45 microns.
21. The alloy composition of claim 20 , wherein the corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy particles have a mean particle size of between 5 microns and 20 microns.
22. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the coating has a mean grain size of between 500 nanometers and 10 microns.
23. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the steel component is a rebar.
24. The alloy composition of claim 8 , wherein the steel component is a billet.
25. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the multilayer oxide coating formed on the bulk composition comprises layers of each of:
aluminum oxide;
silicon dioxide; and
chromium oxide; and
the aluminum oxide layer is closest to the bulk composition, the chromium oxide layer is an outside layer, and the silicon dioxide layer is positioned between the aluminum oxide layer and the chromium oxide layer.
26. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer oxide coating comprises a passivation layer on the surface of the bulk composition.