Controlled power up and power down of multi-stage low drop-out regulators
Circuits and methods that provide for fast power up and power down times in a multi-stage LDO regulator. In one embodiment, a multi-stage LDO regulator circuit includes, for each stage for which fast power up and/or power down times are desired, at least one transconductance amplifier coupled and configured to compare a primary reference voltage to one of a secondary reference voltage for the stage or an output voltage of the stage, and coupling and configuring the at least one transconductance amplifier to charge and/or discharge an associated capacitor to achieve a desired charge level within a specified time independently of the value of the associated capacitor. In general, the transconductance amplifiers of each stage are configured to charge and/or discharge an associated capacitor in synchronism with a voltage present on the primary reference voltage input.
1. A power up/down multistage low dropout (LDO) regulator circuit including at least one transconductance amplifier having an output coupled to one or more capacitive nodes of the power up/down multistage LDO regulator circuit and configured to charge and/or discharge the one or more capacitive nodes.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the power up/down multistage LDO regulator circuit includes two or more LDO stages each having at least one associated capacitive node.
3. The invention of claim 1 , further including:
(a) a first voltage source coupled to a first LDO stage having at least one capacitive node coupled to an associated one of the at least one transconductance amplifier; and
(b) a second voltage source coupled to a second LDO stage having at least one capacitive node coupled to an associated one of the at least one transconductance amplifier.
4. The invention of claim 3 , wherein a first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to the first voltage source;
(b) a second input connected to the second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the first voltage source and to a first capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
5. The invention of claim 4 , wherein the first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier is configured to charge and/or discharge the first capacitive node based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.
6. The invention of claim 3 , wherein a second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to an output voltage of the first LDO stage;
(b) a second input connected to the second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the output of the first LDO stage and to a second capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
7. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier is configured to charge and/or discharge the second capacitive node based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.
8. The invention of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one transconductance amplifier is configured to charge and/or discharge the one or more capacitive nodes based in part on a difference in voltage between a first voltage source and a second voltage source.
9. A power up/down multistage low dropout (LDO) regulator circuit including:
(a) a first LDO stage having at least one capacitive node; and
(b) at least one transconductance amplifier having an output coupled to one of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage and configured to charge and/or discharge the one capacitive node during at least one of a power up time or a power down time.
10. The invention of claim 9 , further including:
(a) a first voltage source coupled to the first LDO stage;
(b) a second LDO stage having at least one capacitive node; and
(c) a second voltage source coupled to the second LDO stage.
11. The invention of claim 10 , wherein a first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to the first voltage source;
(b) a second input connected to the second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the first voltage source and to a first capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
12. The invention of claim 11 , wherein the first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier is configured to charge and/or discharge the first capacitive node based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.
13. The invention of claim 10 , wherein a second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to an output voltage of the first LDO stage;
(b) a second input connected to the second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the output of the first LDO stage and to a second capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
14. The invention of claim 13 , wherein the second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier is configured to charge and/or discharge the second capacitive node based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.
15. A method of synchronizing a power up/down multistage low dropout (LDO) regulator circuit to a first voltage source, including:
(a) providing a power up/down multistage LDO regulator having n LDO stages, where n≥2, at least a first LDO stage having at least one capacitive node;
(b) coupling at least one transconductance amplifier to a corresponding one of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage; and
(c) charging and/or discharging the at least one capacitive node using the at least one corresponding transconductance amplifier during at least one of a power up time or a power down time.
16. The method of claim 15 , further including:
(a) coupling the first voltage source to the first LDO stage;
(b) providing a second LDO stage having at least one capacitive node; and
(c) coupling a second voltage source to the second LDO stage.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein a first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to the first voltage source;
(b) a second input connected to a second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the first voltage source and to a first capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
18. The method of claim 17 , further including charging and/or discharging the first capacitive node using the first one of the at least one transconductance amplifier based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein a second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier includes:
(a) a first input connected to an output voltage of the first LDO stage;
(b) a second input connected to the second voltage source; and
(c) an output connected to the output of the first LDO stage and to a second capacitive node of the at least one capacitive node of the first LDO stage.
20. The method of claim 19 , further including charging and/or discharging the second capacitive node using the second one of the at least one transconductance amplifier based in part on a difference between a first voltage applied to the first input and a second voltage applied to the second input.