Illumination layout for compact projection system
An apparatus including a set of three illumination sources disposed in a first plane. Each of the set of three illumination sources is disposed at a position in the first plane offset from others of the set of three illumination sources by 120 degrees measured in polar coordinates. The apparatus also includes a set of three waveguide layers disposed adjacent the set of three illumination sources. Each of the set of three waveguide layers includes an incoupling diffractive element disposed at a lateral position offset by 180 degrees from a corresponding illumination source of the set of three illumination sources.
1. An augmented reality optical system comprising:
a set of illumination sources including:
a first illumination source characterized by a first wavelength and disposed at a first lateral position;
a second illumination source characterized by a second wavelength and disposed at a second lateral position offset by 120 degrees from the first lateral position; and
a third illumination source characterized by a third wavelength and disposed at a third lateral position offset by −120 degrees from the first lateral position;
an eyepiece waveguide stack disposed adjacent the set of illumination sources and including:
a first waveguide layer including:
a first incoupling diffractive element disposed at a fourth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the first lateral position; and
a first outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the first incoupling diffractive element;
a second waveguide layer including:
a second incoupling diffractive element disposed at a fifth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the second lateral position; and
a second outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the second incoupling diffractive element; and
a third waveguide layer including:
a third incoupling diffractive element disposed at a sixth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the third lateral position; and
a third outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the third incoupling diffractive element;
a first optical absorber coupled to a first surface of a first layer, wherein the first layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer;
a second optical absorber coupled to a second surface of a second layer, wherein the second layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer, wherein the second surface is different than the first surface;
a lens assembly disposed adjacent the eyepiece waveguide stack; and
a spatial light modulator disposed adjacent the lens assembly.
2. The augmented reality optical system of claim 1 wherein the set of illumination sources are disposed in a first lateral plane.
3. The augmented reality optical system of claim 2 wherein the first waveguide layer is disposed in a second lateral plane adjacent to the first lateral plane.
4. The augmented reality optical system of claim 1 wherein the first illumination source is characterized by a first lateral light emission area smaller than a second lateral light emission area corresponding to the second illumination source and a third lateral light emission area corresponding to the third illumination source.
5. The augmented reality optical system of claim 1 wherein the first optical absorber is disposed at a seventh lateral position located between the first lateral position and the fourth lateral position.
6. The augmented reality optical system of claim 1 wherein:
the first optical absorber is disposed between one of the set of illumination sources and one of the first incoupling diffractive element, the second incoupling diffractive element, or the third incoupling diffractive element; and
the second optical absorber is disposed between one of the set of illumination sources and one of the first incoupling diffractive element, the second incoupling diffractive element, or the third incoupling diffractive element.
7. The augmented reality optical system of claim 1 further comprising a third optical absorber coupled to the first surface or the second surface.
8. An augmented reality optical system comprising:
a set of illumination sources including:
a first illumination source characterized by a green wavelength range and disposed at an angle of zero degrees from an optical axis extending from a pole in a polar coordinate system;
a second illumination source characterized by a blue wavelength range and disposed at an angle of 120 degrees in the polar coordinate system from the optical axis; and
a third illumination source characterized by a red wavelength range and disposed at an angle of 240 degrees in the polar coordinate system from the optical axis; and
an eyepiece waveguide stack disposed adjacent the set of illumination sources and including:
a first waveguide layer including a first incoupling diffractive element operable to diffract light in the green wavelength range and disposed at an angle of 180 degrees in the polar coordinate system from the optical axis;
a second waveguide layer including a second incoupling diffractive element operable to diffract light in the blue wavelength range and disposed at an angle of 300 degrees in the polar coordinate system from the optical axis; and
a third waveguide layer including a third incoupling diffractive element operable to diffract light in the red wavelength range and disposed at an angle of 60 degrees in the polar coordinate system from the optical axis;
a first optical absorber coupled to a first surface of a first layer, wherein the first layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer; and
a second optical absorber coupled to a second surface of a second layer, wherein the second layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer, wherein the second surface is different than the first surface.
9. The augmented reality optical system of claim 8 wherein:
the first waveguide layer further includes a first outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the first incoupling diffractive element;
the second waveguide layer further includes a second outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the second incoupling diffractive element; and
the third waveguide layer further includes a third outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the third incoupling diffractive element.
10. The augmented reality optical system of claim 8 wherein the third waveguide layer is disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer.
11. The augmented reality optical system of claim 10 wherein:
the second waveguide layer is disposed proximal to the set of illumination sources; and
the first waveguide layer is disposed distal to the set of illumination sources.
12. The augmented reality optical system of claim 8 further comprising:
a lens assembly; and
a spatial light modulator, wherein the lens assembly is disposed between the set of illumination sources and the spatial light modulator.
13. The augmented reality optical system of claim 8 further comprising;
a third optical absorber and a fourth optical absorber coupled to the first waveguide layer; and
a fifth optical absorber and a sixth optical absorber coupled to the second waveguide layer.
14. The augmented reality optical system of claim 13 wherein the first optical absorber, the third optical absorber, and the fourth optical absorber are disposed at three different angles in polar coordinates and the second optical absorber, the fifth optical absorber, and the sixth optical absorber are disposed at three additional angles in polar coordinates, each of the three additional angles being different than the three different angles.
15. The augmented reality optical system of claim 13 wherein the second optical absorber, the fifth optical absorber, and the sixth optical absorber have a thickness equal to a distance between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer.
16. An augmented reality optical system comprising:
a set of illumination sources including:
a first illumination source characterized by a first wavelength and disposed at a first lateral position;
a second illumination source characterized by a second wavelength and disposed at a second lateral position offset by 120 degrees from the first lateral position; and
a third illumination source characterized by a third wavelength and disposed at a third lateral position offset by −120 degrees from the first lateral position, wherein the first illumination source is characterized by a first lateral light emission area smaller than a second lateral light emission area corresponding to the second illumination source and a third lateral light emission area corresponding to the third illumination source;
an eyepiece waveguide stack disposed adjacent the set of illumination sources and including:
a first waveguide layer including:
a first incoupling diffractive element disposed at a fourth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the first lateral position; and
a first outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the first incoupling diffractive element;
a second waveguide layer including:
a second incoupling diffractive element disposed at a fifth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the second lateral position; and
a second outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the second incoupling diffractive element; and
a third waveguide layer including:
a third incoupling diffractive element disposed at a sixth lateral position offset by 180 degrees from the third lateral position; and
a third outcoupling diffractive element optically coupled to the third incoupling diffractive element;
a first optical absorber coupled to a first surface of a first layer, wherein the first layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer;
a second optical absorber coupled to a second surface of a second layer, wherein the second layer is at least one of the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer, or the third waveguide layer, wherein the second surface is different than the first surface;
a lens assembly disposed adjacent the eyepiece waveguide stack; and
a spatial light modulator disposed adjacent the lens assembly.
17. The augmented reality optical system of claim 16 wherein a first separation distance between a periphery of the first illumination source and a periphery of at least one of the second incoupling diffractive element or the third incoupling diffractive element is greater than a second separation distance between a periphery of the second illumination source and a periphery or at least one of the first incoupling diffractive element or the third incoupling diffractive element.
18. The augmented reality optical system of claim 16 wherein the second incoupling diffractive element is characterized by a second lateral light collection area smaller than a first lateral light collection area corresponding to the first incoupling diffractive element and a third lateral light collection area corresponding to the third incoupling diffractive element.
19. The augmented reality optical system of claim 16 wherein the second incoupling diffractive element is characterized by a second lateral light collection area smaller than the second lateral light emission area corresponding to the second illumination source and the third lateral light emission area corresponding to the third illumination source.