Co-processing of waste plastic pyrolysis oils and biorenewable feedstocks
A process is provided for producing a liquid hydrocarbon material suitable for use as a fuel or as a blending component in a fuel. The process includes co-processing a pyrolysis oil derived from a waste plastic raw material and a biorenewable feedstock comprising triglycerides in a catalytic cracking process in a presence of a solid catalyst at catalytic cracking conditions to provide a cracking product. The cracking product may be fractionated to provide at least one of a gasoline fraction and a middle distillate fraction.
1. A process consisting of:
introducing a pyrolysis oil derived from a waste plastic raw material to a fluidized-bed reactor;
introducing a biorenewable feedstock comprising triglycerides to the fluidized-bed reactor; and
co-processing the pyrolysis oil and the biorenewable feedstock in the fluidized-bed reactor in a presence of a cracking catalyst at catalytic cracking conditions to provide a cracking product.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste plastics raw material comprises a post-consumer use polymer, a post-industrial use polymer, or a combination thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste plastics raw material is selected from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, or any combination thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste plastic raw material contains less than 1% by weight of a polymer selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, a polymer of resin identification code number 7, and any combination thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil exhibits one or more of the following properties:
(a) a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon content of at least 55 wt. %;
(b) a paraffins content in a range of from 20 to 90 wt. %;
(c) an API gravity at 15° C. of at least 28; and
(d) a density at 15° C. of at least 0.6 g/cm 3 .
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biorenewable feedstock comprises at least 75 wt. % of triglycerides.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biorenewable feedstock comprises a plant oil, an animal oil, an algae oil, or a combination mixture thereof.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biorenewable feedstock comprises camelina oil, canola oil, corn oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, colza oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, mustard oil, yellow and brown greases, tallow, lard, fish oil, algae oil, sewage sludge, or any combination thereof.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the pyrolysis oil to the biorenewable feedstock (pyrolysis oil:biorenewable feedstock) is selected to be in a range of at least one of: 5:1 to 1:19 by weight, 4:1 by weight or lower, 2:1 by weight or lower, 1:1 by weight or lower; 1:7 by weight or higher, 1:5 by weight or higher, 1:4 by weight or higher, and 1:3 by weight or higher.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil and the biorenewable feedstock are introduced into the reactor via different feeding lines.
11. The process of claim 1 , mixing wherein the pyrolysis oil and the biorenewable feedstock are mixed in advance to form a mixture in a mixing vessel and the mixture is introduced into the reactor.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracking catalyst comprises at least one large-pore size faujasite zeolite or a mixture of at least one large-pore size faujasite zeolite and at least one medium-pore size zeolite selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-22, ZSM-48, and MCM-22.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic cracking conditions include a temperature of from 400° C. to 600° C. and a pressure of from 40 kPa to 725 kPa.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic cracking process is conducted at a catalyst-to-oil ratio of from 2:1 to 10:1.