Integrated horn structures for heat exchanger headers
A heat exchanger header includes a primary fluid duct extending between a fluid port and a first branched region, a plurality of secondary fluid ducts fluidly connected to the primary fluid duct at the first branched region, wherein an overhang region is formed laterally between adjacent ones of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts, and wherein each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts extends between the first branched region and a second branched region, a plurality of tertiary fluid ducts fluidly connected to each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts at the second branched regions, a primary horn integrally formed with and extending from the overhang region, an at least one secondary horn integrally formed with and extending from one of the plurality of tertiary fluid ducts, and a sacrificial support structure extending between the primary horn and the at least one secondary horn.
1. A heat exchanger header comprising:
a primary fluid duct extending between a fluid port and a first branched region;
a plurality of secondary fluid ducts fluidly connected to the primary fluid duct at the first branched region, wherein the plurality of secondary fluid ducts extends from the first branched region such that an overhang region is formed laterally between adjacent ones of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts, and wherein each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts extends between the first branched region and a second branched region;
a plurality of tertiary fluid ducts fluidly connected to each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts at the second branched regions; a primary horn integrally formed with and extending from the overhang region;
an at least one secondary horn integrally formed with and extending from one of the plurality of tertiary fluid ducts; and
a sacrificial support extending from the primary horn to the at least one secondary horn and configured to provide support for the overhang region during additive manufacturing of the heat exchanger header, the sacrificial support comprising:
a trunk portion connected to the primary horn; and
limbs that branch from the trunk portion and connect to the at least one secondary horn.
2. The heat exchanger header of claim 1 ,
wherein the header has a fractal geometry.
3. The heat exchanger header of claim 1 ,
wherein the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts are tubular and hollow; and
wherein the primary horn and the at least one secondary horn are solid.
4. The heat exchanger header of claim 3 , wherein the header further includes:
an interior surface that defines an interior cavity of the header; and
an exterior surface; and
wherein a distance between the interior surface and the exterior surface is greater at the primary and secondary horns than at the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts, such that the primary and secondary horns are formed of relatively thick walls and the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts are formed of relatively thin walls.
5. The heat exchanger header of claim 1 , wherein the header has walls with varying thickness such that the primary and secondary horns are formed of relatively thick walls and the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts are formed of relatively thin walls.
6. The heat exchanger header of claim 1 ,
wherein the primary and secondary horns are arranged such that all of the primary and secondary horns are visible from an at least one same line of sight through the header.
7. The heat exchanger header of claim 6 ,
wherein the header is configured to be additively manufactured as a single, monolithic unit.
8. The heat exchanger header of claim 7 ,
wherein the header is formed from a metallic material; and
wherein the sacrificial support is configured to be removed from the primary and secondary horns during a single wire-electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) process.
9. A heat exchanger comprising:
a first header;
a second header comprising:
a primary fluid duct extending between a fluid port and a first branched region; a plurality of secondary fluid ducts fluidly connected to the primary fluid duct at the first branched region, wherein the plurality of secondary fluid ducts extends from the first branched region such that an overhang region is formed laterally between adjacent ones of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts, and wherein each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts extends between the first branched region and a second branched region;
a plurality of tertiary fluid ducts fluidly connected to each of the plurality of secondary fluid ducts at the second branched regions;
a columnar primary horn integrally formed with and extending from the overhang region;
an at least one secondary horn integrally formed with and extending from one of the plurality of tertiary fluid ducts; and
a sacrificial support extending from the columnar primary horn to the at least one secondary horn to provide support for the overhang region during additive manufacturing of the second header; and
a core extending between the first header and the second header such that the first header, the second header, and the core are fluidly connected.
10. The heat exchanger of claim 9 ,
wherein the first and second headers have a fractal geometry.
11. The heat exchanger of claim 9 ,
wherein the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts are tubular and hollow; and
wherein the columnar primary horn and the at least one secondary horn are solid.
12. The heat exchanger of claim 9 , wherein the second header has walls with varying thickness such that the primary and secondary horns are formed of relatively thick walls and the primary, secondary, and tertiary fluid ducts are formed of relatively thin walls.
13. The heat exchanger of claim 9 ,
wherein the primary and secondary horns are arranged such that all of the primary and secondary horns are visible from an at least one same line of sight through the second header.
14. The heat exchanger header of claim 13 ,
wherein the heat exchanger is formed from a metallic material.
15. The heat exchanger header of claim 14 ,
wherein the sacrificial support is configured to be removed from the primary and secondary horns during a single wire-electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) process.
16. A method comprising:
constructing the heat exchanger of claim 9 utilizing an additive manufacturing process;
wherein the heat exchanger is configured to be additively manufactured as a single, monolithic unit.
17. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the heat exchanger is oriented such that the second header is an uppermost header during the additive manufacturing process and the overhang region is substantially parallel to a horizontal build plane.
18. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the additive manufacturing process is a laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
removing at least a portion of the sacrificial support after the additive manufacturing process is completed utilizing a wire-electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) process.
20. A method comprising:
constructing a heat exchanger header by an additive manufacturing process, the header comprising:
a plurality of fluid ducts arranged in a branching structure such that an open space is formed within the branching structure;
an overhang region spanning laterally between adjacent ones of the plurality of fluid ducts; and
a sacrificial support extending within the open space and configured to provide support for the overhang region during the additive manufacturing process;
wherein the header has walls with varying thickness, the sacrificial support being connected to portions formed of relatively thick walls, and the plurality of fluid ducts being formed of relatively thin walls;
machining away the sacrificial support at the relatively thick walls of the header; and
removing at least a portion of the sacrificial support after the additive manufacturing process is completed.