Optical wavemeter
An optical device having a wavelength measurement section and an SMRS measurement section is disclosed. The wavelength measurement section includes a MZI, which includes first optical waveguides having a first optical path length difference. The wavelength measurement section also includes a second MZI, which includes second optical waveguides having a second optical path length difference. The second optical path length difference is greater than the first optical path length difference. The SMRS includes a filter adapted to suppress a primary laser mode of the second output optical signal and to pass a remaining portion of the second output signal to determine an SMRS based on an optical power of the main laser mode from the wavelength and power measurement stage, and an optical power of the remaining portion of the second output optical signal.
1. An apparatus for determining a wavelength, a power, and a side-mode suppression ratio of an input signal of an input signal, the apparatus comprising:
a first optical splitter adapted split power of the input optical signal into a first output optical signal and a second output optical signal;
a second optical splitter connected to a first arm of the first optical splitter, and adapted to split the first output optical signal into a third output optical signal and a fourth optical signal;
a wavelength and power measurement stage connected to the second output optical splitter, the wavelength and power measurement stage comprising: a first Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) disposed over the substrate, comprising first optical waveguides having a first effective index of refraction and configured to receive the third output optical signal from a light source; and a second Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) disposed over the substrate, comprising second optical waveguides having a second effective index of refraction, which is greater than the first effective index of refraction, and configured to receive the fourth output optical signal from the light source, wherein the first MZI has a first optical path length (OPL) difference, the second MZI has a second optical path length (OPL) difference, which is greater than the first OPL difference; and
a side mode suppression stage adapted to receive the second output optical signal, the side mode suppression stage comprising: a filter adapted to suppress a primary laser mode of the second output optical signal and to pass a remaining portion of the second output signal to determine a side mode suppression ratio (SMRS) based on an optical power of the main laser mode from the wavelength and power measurement stage, and an optical power of the remaining portion of the second output optical signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises a single resonant structure, or cascaded resonant structures.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the single or cascaded resonant structures comprise a ring resonator, a Fabry-Perot etalon, or a Bragg grating.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises an interferometric filter.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the interferometric filter comprises an MZI.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises a wavelength absorbing device tuned to the wavelength of the primary laser mode.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter is thermally tunable, stress tunable, or electro-optically tunable.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first optical waveguides have a first core width, the second optical waveguides have a second core width, and the second core width is greater than the first core width.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first optical waveguides have a first core height, the second optical waveguides have a second core height, and the second core height is greater than the first core height.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second optical waveguides are each one of a strip optical waveguide, a rib optical waveguide, a slot optical waveguide, a photonic crystal optical waveguide, a subwavelength grating (SWG) optical waveguide, a slot SWG optical waveguide, and a surface plasmon polariton slot optical waveguide.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein geometric length difference of the arms of the first MZI is not the same as the geometric length difference of the arms of the second MZI.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second optical waveguides comprise a second core substantially surrounded by a second cladding, wherein an index of refraction of the second core is greater than an index of refraction of the second cladding.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first photodetector and a second photodetector, wherein a first difference signal is provided based on first outputs of the first MZI; and
a third photodetector and a fourth photodetector, wherein a second difference signal is provided based on second outputs of the second MZI, wherein the first and second difference signals are used to determine an output wavelength of the light source.
14. An optical wavemeter for determining an optical wavelength a power, and a side-mode suppression ratio of an input signal of a light source, the optical wavemeter comprising:
a first optical splitter adapted split power of the input optical signal into a first output optical signal and a second output optical signal;
a second optical splitter connected to a first arm of the first optical splitter, and adapted to split the first output optical signal into a third output optical signal and a fourth optical signal;
a wavelength and power measurement stage connected to the second output optical splitter, the wavelength and power measurement stage comprising: a first Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (WI) disposed over the substrate, comprising first optical waveguides having a first optical path length difference, and configured to receive a first output optical signal from a light source; a second Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) disposed over the substrate, comprising second optical waveguides having a second optical path length difference, which is greater than the first optical path length difference, and configured to receive a second output optical signal from the light source; a first photodetector and a second photodetector, wherein a first difference signal is provided based on first outputs of the first MZI; a third photodetector and a fourth photodetector, wherein a second difference signal is provided based on second outputs of the second MZI;
a side mode suppression stage adapted to receive the second output optical signal, the side mode suppression stage comprising: a filter adapted to suppress a primary laser mode of the second output optical signal and to pass a remaining portion of the second output signal; and
a controller comprising a memory that stores instructions, and a processor that executes the instructions, wherein, when executed by the processor, the instructions cause the controller to: compare the first and second difference signals with first and second difference values stored in the memory, and, based on the comparing, determine an output wavelength of the light source;
and determine a side mode suppression ratio (SMRS) based on an optical power of the main laser mode from the wavelength and power measurement stage, and an optical power of the remaining portion of the second output optical signal; determining the SMRS.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the filter comprises a single resonant structure, or cascaded resonant structures.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the single or cascaded resonant structures comprise a ring resonator, a Fabry-Perot etalon, or a Bragg grating.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the filter comprises an interferometric filter.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the interferometric filter comprises an MZI.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the filter comprises a wavelength absorbing device tuned to the wavelength of the primary laser mode.
20. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the filter is thermally tunable, stress tunable, or electro-optically tunable.