Pulse-width modulation for high-efficiency power conversion
Methods, circuits, and devices for power conversion are disclosed. In some embodiments, the device comprises a circuit comprising a first, second, and third leg. Each leg may comprise two switches. The first leg is switched at a first frequency to generate a first signal, and the second leg is switched at a second frequency lower than the first frequency to generate a second signal. The third leg is switched by a neutral leg control signal to generate a third signal. The circuit generates an output power signal (e.g., a split-phase power signal) based on the first signal, second signal, and the third signal.
1. A method for generating a split-phase power signal via a power converter comprising a first leg, a second leg, and a third leg, wherein the method comprises:
switching, at a first frequency, the first leg comprising a first switch and a second switch of a first type to generate a first signal;
switching, at a second frequency, the second leg comprising a third switch and a fourth switch of a second type to generate a second signal, wherein:
the first frequency is higher than the second frequency,
the second frequency is associated with a fundamental frequency of a power system,
the first type of switch is configured to switch at the first frequency, and the second type of switch is configured to switch at the second frequency;
generating a neutral leg control signal for switching the third leg comprising a fifth switch and a sixth switch of a third type;
switching, by the neutral leg control signal, the third leg to generate a third signal; and
generating, based on the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal, the split-phase power signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutral control leg signal is generated via a neutral leg modulation function based on a line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage and a polarity of the line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the neutral leg modulation function comprises (Vpwm_ab/Vdc)−sign(Vpwm_ab),
Vpwm_ab is the line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage, and
Vdc is a measured DC bus voltage.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the split-phase power signal comprises a superposition of the first, second, and third signals.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutral leg control signal is generated via a Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutral leg control signal is generated via a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first type of switch and the third type of switch are wide-band-gap semiconductor devices.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second type of switch is metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), insulated-gate bipolar transistor, or any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency is 15-200000 times higher than the second frequency.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a frequency of the neutral leg control signal is 1 kHz-10 MHz.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a root mean square voltage of the split-phase power signal is 240V.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving an input signal at the first, second, and third legs.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the input signal is 350V.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the neutral leg control signal comprises:
causing a difference between the first signal and the second signal to follow a reference signal, wherein the reference signal corresponds to a desired level of the split-phase power signal; and
causing a sum of the first signal and the second signal to become zero.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a signal for controlling the first leg is generating via a carrier signal at the first frequency, and
the neutral leg control signal is generated via the carrier signal.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second frequency is 50-60 Hz.
17. A power converter circuit for generating a split-phase power signal, comprising:
a first leg comprising a first switch and a second switch of a first type, wherein:
the first leg is configured to be switched at a first frequency to generate a first signal, and
the first type of switch is configured to switch at the first frequency;
a second leg comprising a third switch and a fourth switch of a second type, wherein:
the second leg is configured to be switched at a second frequency to generate a second signal,
the second type of switch is configured to switch at the second frequency, the first frequency is higher than the second frequency, and
the second frequency is associated with a fundamental frequency of a power system; and
a third leg comprising fifth switch and a sixth switch of a third type, wherein:
the third leg is configured to be switched by a neutral leg control signal, and
the split-phase power signal is generated based on the first signal, the second signal, and a third signal.
18. The power converter circuit of claim 17 , wherein the neutral control leg signal is generated via a neutral leg modulation function based on a line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage and a polarity of the line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage.
19. An electric vehicle comprising a power converter circuit for generating a split-phase power signal, wherein the power converter comprises:
a first leg comprising a first switch and a second switch of a first type, wherein:
the first leg is configured to be switched at a first frequency to generate a first signal, and
the first type of switch is configured to switch at the first frequency;
a second leg comprising a third switch and a fourth switch of a second type, wherein:
the second leg is configured to be switched at a second frequency to generate a second signal,
the second type of switch is configured to switch at the second frequency,
the first frequency is higher than the second frequency, and
the second frequency is associated with a fundamental frequency of a power system; and
a third leg comprising fifth switch and a sixth switch of a third type, wherein:
the third leg is configured to be switched by a neutral leg control signal, and
the split-phase power signal is generated based on the first signal, the second signal, and a third signal.
20. The electric vehicle of claim 19 , wherein the neutral control leg signal is generated via a neutral leg modulation function based on a line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage and a polarity of the line-to-line pulse-width modulation voltage.