Microbial approach for the production of long chain compounds
This disclosure describes recombinant Megasphaera microbes designed to include increased consumption of acetate, increased carbon flux to butyryl-CoA and/or hexanoyl-CoA, increased production of butyrate and/or hexanoate, or a combination thereof, than a comparable control. This disclosure also describes methods that generally include growing such recombinant microbes under conditions effective for the recombinant microbes to consume greater amounts of acetate, produce increased amounts of butyryl-CoA and/or hexanoyl-CoA, produce increased amounts of butyrate and/or hexanoate, or a combination thereof.
1. A recombinant Megasphaera microbe genetically modified to (i) consume a greater amount of acetate than a comparable control microbe, or (ii) produce a greater amount of butyrate, hexanoate, or a combination thereof, than a comparable control microbe, or (iii) increase carbon flux to butyryl-CoA and/or hexanoyl-CoA than a comparable control microbe, or a combination thereof, wherein the recombinant Megasphaera microbe comprises a mutation of a CoA-transferase coding region, a mutation of a glyoxalase coding region, or a mutation of a lyase coding region, and the comparable control microbe is a microbe genetically identical to the recombinant Megasphaera microbe except for the mutation of the CoA-transferase coding region, the glyoxalase coding region, or the lyase coding region.
2. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant Megasphaera microbe is M. elsdenii.
3. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 2 , wherein the M. elsdenii is a modified ATCC 25940.
4. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the mutation of the CoA-transferase coding region comprises a deletion of the CoA-transferase coding region.
5. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the CoA-transferase coding region encodes a propionyl-CoA transferase.
6. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 5 , wherein propionate production by the recombinant Megasphaera microbe is undetectable.
7. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the CoA-transferase coding region is MELS_0742 (SEQ ID NO: 22), MELS_0464 (SEQ ID NO: 23), MELS_1631 (SEQ ID NO: 24), or MELS_1130 (SEQ ID NO: 25), or a combination thereof.
8. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 7 , wherein the recombinant Megasphaera microbe comprises a mutation of at least 1, CoA-transferase coding regions selected from MELS_0742 (SEQ ID NO: 22), MELS_0464 (SEQ ID NO: 23), and MELS_0034 (SEQ ID NO: 26), or mutation of all 3 CoA-transferase coding regions.
9. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the mutation of the glyoxalase coding region comprises a deletion of the glyoxalase coding region.
10. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 9 , wherein the glyoxalase coding region is MELS_0743 (SEQ ID NO: 27).
11. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the mutation of the lyase coding region comprises a deletion of the lyase coding region.
12. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 11 , wherein the lyase coding region is MELS_0745 (SEQ ID NO: 28).
13. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the amount of butyrate or hexanoate produced is at least 2-fold greater than the comparable control microbe.
14. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 , wherein the consumption of acetate is at least 2-fold greater than the comparable control microbe.
15. A recombinant Megasphaera microbe comprising a mutation of a pyrF coding region to result in undetectable expression of the pyrF coding region (SEQ ID NO: 29).
16. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 15 , wherein the mutation is a deletion of the pyrF coding region.
17. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 15 , wherein the Megasphaera microbe is M. elsdenii.
18. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 17 , wherein the M. elsdenii is a modified ATCC 25940.
19. The recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 15 , wherein the pyrF coding region is MELS_RS04415 (SEQ ID NO: 2).
20. A method for increasing carbon flux to acetoacetyl-CoA, comprising:
incubating the recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 with lactate as a carbon source under conditions suitable for replication, wherein the carbon flux to acetoacetyl-CoA in the recombinant Megasphaera is at a level greater than the comparable control microbe.
21. A method for producing butyrate, hexanoate, or combination thereof, comprising:
incubating the recombinant Megasphaera microbe of claim 1 with lactate as a carbon source under conditions suitable for replication, wherein the recombinant Megasphaera produces butyrate, hexanoate, or combination thereof at a level greater than the a comparable control microbe.
22. A method for genetically engineering a Megasphaera , comprising:
providing the recombinant Megasphaera of claim 15 ,
transforming the recombinant Megasphaera with a plasmid comprising a pyrF coding region and a mutagenic cassette,
wherein the mutagenic cassette of the plasmid comprises a marker flanked by DNA sequences,
wherein the DNA sequences are selected to result in homologous recombination between the plasmid and two regions of DNA present in the recombinant Megasphaera that flank a coding region targeted for mutation; and
incubating the transformed recombinant Megasphaera under conditions suitable for positive selection of the transformed recombinant Megasphaera and counter selection of the transformed recombinant Megasphaera to select for those that have lost the pyrF coding region,
wherein the transformed recombinant Megasphaera identified by the positive and counter selection comprise a mutation of the coding region targeted for mutation.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the mutagenic cassette of the plasmid further comprises attachment sites flanking the marker, wherein the attachment sites are between the marker and the DNA sequences, and wherein the attachment sites are identified by a recombinase that can promote recombination between the two attachment sites and deletion of the marker flanked by the attachment sites.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the mutation of the coding region targeted for mutation comprises a deletion of the targeted coding region.