Apparatus and method for PCR diagnosis based on multi-wavelength light source and orthogonal code signals
Disclosed is a PCR diagnosis apparatus, which includes a transmitter including a multi-wavelength light source for outputting a first light source signal and a second light source signal having different wavelengths, and that applies the first light source signal and the second light source signal to a PCR chip including samples each including a plurality of DNAs, a code generator that generates first code signal and second code signal corresponding to the first light source signal and the second light source signal, respectively, and which are orthogonal to each other, and a receiver that performs a dot product on fluorescent data and each of the first code signal and the second code signal, wherein the fluorescent data include a first fluorescent signal and a second fluorescent signal emitted from a phosphor attached to each of the plurality of DNAs.
1. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis apparatus comprising:
a transmitter including a multi-wavelength light source for outputting a first light source signal and a second light source signal having different wavelengths, and configured to apply the first light source signal and the second light source signal to a PCR chip including samples each including a plurality of DNAs;
a code generator configured to generate first code signal and second code signal corresponding to the first light source signal and the second light source signal, respectively, and being orthogonal to each other; and
a receiver including a plurality of detectors with a processor configured to perform a dot product on fluorescent data and each of the first code signal and the second code signal, wherein the fluorescent data include a first fluorescent signal and a second fluorescent signal emitted from a phosphor attached to each of the plurality of DNAs,
wherein the first fluorescent signal is emitted from a first phosphor attached to a first DNA among the plurality of DNAs in response to the first light source signal, and the second fluorescent signal is emitted from a second phosphor attached to a second DNA among the plurality of DNAs in response to the second light source signal.
2. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first code signal and the second code signal include a first section having a logic high value and a second section having a logic low value, and a time of the first section is the same as a time of the second section.
3. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 2 , wherein, after substituting values of the first section with ‘1’ and values of the second section with ‘−1’, a dot product result on the first code signal and the second code signal is ‘0’.
4. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:
a level of the first fluorescent signal during the first section of the first code signal and a level of the second fluorescent signal during the first section of the second code signal are values dependent on the number of PCR cycles, and
a level of the first fluorescent signal during the second section of the first code signal and a level of the second fluorescent signal during the second section of the second code signal correspond to a level of noise.
5. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 4 , wherein:
the receiver includes a detection array configured to convert the fluorescent data into an electrical signal, the detection array includes the plurality of detectors configured to receive the fluorescent data,
the fluorescent data is a combined signal obtained by detecting the first fluorescent signal and the second fluorescent signal, and the number of bits of the fluorescent data is equal to the number of bits of the first code signal and the second code signal, and
each of the plurality of detectors substitutes values of the first section of the first code signal and the second code signal with ‘1’, substitutes values of the second section of the first code signal and the second code signal with ‘−1’, and performs a dot product on the fluorescent data and each of the first code signal and the second code signal.
6. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the receiver includes a filter configured to remove the first light source signal and the second light source signal reflected from the samples of the PCR chip.
7. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first light source signal and the second light source signal are applied to the samples of the PCR chip through a central bundle among a plurality of optical fiber bundles, and the first fluorescent signal and the second fluorescent signal are provided to the receiver through outer bundles among the plurality of optical fiber bundles.
8. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first light source signal and the second light source signal are applied to the samples of the PCR chip through a single-mode optical fiber, and the first fluorescent signal and the second fluorescent signal are provided to the receiver through a multi-mode optical fiber.
9. The PCR diagnosis apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the single-mode optical fiber is inclined at a predetermined angle such that the first light source signal and the second light source signal are applied to a center part of the samples of the PCR chip.