Multiplanar planar electromagnetic array
A multiplanar electromagnetic array is disclosed herein, where the array includes a first electromagnetic coil in a first plane, a second electromagnetic coil in a second plane, and a third electromagnetic coil in a third plane. A microactuator is configured to energize electromagnetic coils in the array in sequence, thereby forming a moving electromagnetic field that moves a permanent magnet positioned above the multiplanar electromagnetic array. Movement of the permanent magnet effectuates desired movement of a bead that is in a channel of an immunoassay device.
1 . A multiplanar electromagnetic array comprising:
a first-layer electromagnetic coil located in a first plane;
a second-layer electromagnetic coil located in a second plane, and further wherein the second-layer electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the first-layer electromagnetic coil and is offset from the first-layer electromagnetic coil in X and Y directions;
a third-layer electromagnetic coil located in a third plane, wherein the third-layer electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the second-layer electromagnetic coil and is offset from the second-layer electromagnetic coil in the Y-direction, wherein the third-layer electromagnetic coil and the second-layer electromagnetic coil are aligned in the X-direction, wherein the third-layer electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the first-layer electromagnetic coil and is offset from the first-layer electromagnetic coil in the X-direction, and further wherein the third-layer electromagnetic coil and the first-layer electromagnetic coil are aligned in the Y-direction; and
a programable microactuator that is electrically coupled to the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil, wherein the programable microactuator generates a spatiotemporal magnetic field by sequentially energizing at least two of the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, or the third-layer electromagnetic coil, and wherein the programmable microactuator is configured to control movement of a permanent magnet within a fourth plane based on the generated spatiotemporal magnetic field.
2 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil are planar printed circuit board (PCB) electromagnetic coils.
3 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnet comprises neodymium.
4 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of first-layer electromagnetic coils in the first plane, a plurality of second-layer electromagnetic coils in the second plane, and a plurality of a third-layer electromagnetic coils in the third plane, wherein each of the second-layer electromagnetic coils partially overlaps at least one of the first-layer electromagnetic coils, and each of the third-layer electromagnetic coils partially overlaps at least one of the second-layer electromagnetic coils.
5 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil have a width of about 7 mm and a height of about 7 mm.
6 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the first-layer electromagnetic coil has a first center point, the second-layer electromagnetic coil has a second center point, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil has a third center point, wherein a first distance between the first center point and the second center point is about 4.5 mm, wherein a second distance between the second center point and the third center point is about 4.5 mm, and further wherein a third distance between the first center point and the third center point is about 6.3 mm.
7 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil have a copper trace with a width of about 170 um, a thickness of about 36 um, and a pitch distance of about 340 um.
8 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 comprising between 5 and 30 electromagnetic coils.
9 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , comprising 25 electromagnetic coils.
10 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein 5 V is employed to energize coils of the array.
11 . A method of manufacturing an electromagnetic microactuator array, the method comprising:
providing a first electromagnetic coil, a second electromagnetic coil, and a third electromagnetic coil;
positioning the first electromagnetic coil in a first plane;
positioning the second electromagnetic coil in a second plane, wherein the second electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the first electromagnetic coil and is offset from the first electromagnetic coil in X and Y directions;
positioning the third electromagnetic coil in a third plane, wherein the third electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the second electromagnetic coil and is offset from the second electromagnetic coil in the Y-direction, wherein the third electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are aligned in the X-direction, wherein the third electromagnetic coil is partially overlapping the first electromagnetic coil and is offset from the first electromagnetic coil in the X-direction, and further wherein the third electromagnetic coil and the first electromagnetic coil are aligned in the Y-direction; and
electrically coupling a programable microactuator to the first electromagnetic coil, the second electromagnetic coil, and the third electromagnetic coil, wherein the programmable microactuator is configured to generate a spatiotemporal magnetic field by sequentially energizing at least two of the first electromagnetic coil, the second electromagnetic coil, or the third electromagnetic coil, and wherein the programmable microactuator is configured to control movement of a permanent magnet within a fourth plane based on the generated spatiotemporal magnetic field.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane are parallel with one another.
13 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
positioning a first plurality of electromagnetic coils in the first plane;
positioning a second plurality of electromagnetic coils in the second plane; and
positioning a third plurality of electromagnetic coils in the third plane, where each electromagnetic coil in the first plane partially overlaps with an electromagnetic coil in the second plane, each electromagnetic coil in the second plane partially overlaps with an electromagnetic coil in the third plane, and each electromagnetic coil in the third plane partially overlaps with an electromagnetic coil in the first plane.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first plurality of electromagnetic coils consists of eight electromagnetic coils, the second plurality of electromagnetic coils consists of nine electromagnetic coils, and the third plurality of electromagnetic coils consists of eight electromagnetic coils.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the first electromagnetic coils, the second electromagnetic coil, and the third electromagnetic coil are planar printed circuit board (PCB) electromagnetic coils.
16 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising positioning the permanent magnet above a center of the first electromagnetic coil.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the first electromagnetic coil has a first center point, the second electromagnetic coil has a second center point, and the third electronic coil has a third center point, and further wherein a distance between the first center point and the second center point is about 4.5 mm, a distance between the second center point and the third center point is about 4.5 mm, and a distance between the first center point and the third center point is about 6.3 mm.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the first electromagnetic coil, the second electromagnetic coil, and the third electromagnetic coil have a copper trace with a width of about 170 um, a thickness of about 36 um, and a pitch distance of about 340 um.
19 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, and the third-layer electromagnetic coil are rectangular-shaped planar coils.
20 . The multiplanar electromagnetic array of claim 1 , wherein the programmable microactuator is further configured to:
decrease a first voltage used to drive a first one of the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, or the third-layer electromagnetic coil over a time window; and
increase a second voltage used to drive a second one of the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, or the third-layer electromagnetic coil over the time window;
wherein the decreasing of the first voltage and the increasing of the second voltage cause the permanent magnet to be transported from being positioned above a first center of the first one of the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, or the third-layer electromagnetic coil to being positioned above a second center of second one of the first-layer electromagnetic coil, the second-layer electromagnetic coil, or the third-layer electromagnetic coil.