Plastic recycling system using solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP)
A system to carry out solvent targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) to recover individual polymers from multilayer plastic films or mixed plastic wastes, comprising a down-sizing device to shred the plastic wastes into particles with a size and aspect ratio to be flowable; a feeder that conveys the plastic particles in a constant flow without bridging; a dissolution vessel to selectively dissolve an individual polymer component in a solvent; a high temperature filter to separate the dissolved polymer component from the undissolved plastics; a precipitator to precipitate the dissolved polymer component; a low temperature filter to separate the precipitated polymer component from the solvent; and a distillation unit to purify the recycled solvent. The unique design of the feeder and the dissolution vessels allows the system to run in a semi-continuous mode.
1 . A system to recover an individual polymer from a multilayer plastic film or a mixed plastic waste, comprising:
(i) a down-sizing device that shreds the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste into plastic particles having a size and aspect ratio to be flowable;
(ii) a feeder that conveys the plastic particles in a constant flow without bridging;
(iii) a dissolution vessel that mixes the plastic particles with a solvent, wherein the solvent selectively dissolves an individual polymer component of the plastic particles;
(iv) a first filter that separates the solvent containing the dissolved polymer component from undissolved plastic particles;
(v) a precipitator that precipitates the dissolved polymer component; and
(vi) a second filter that separates the precipitated polymer component from the solvent,
wherein the feeder is a live-bottom hopper comprising a bin with negative angled walls that form a wider base than the top, and one or more variable pitch screws having increasing pitches along the flow of the plastic particles.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the down-sizing device shreds the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste into plastic particles having a size of about 2 mm to 6 mm.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the down-sizing device shreds the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste into plastic particles having an aspect ratio of about 1 to 1.5.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the dissolution vessel is a conical reactor having a sidewall, an outlet with a diameter, and a transverse cross-sectional plane of the outlet, wherein the outlet-diameter-to-particle-size-of-incoming feedstock is a ratio greater than about 15, and the transverse cross-sectional plane of the outlet and the sidewall of the dissolution vessel define an angle of from about 45 degrees to about 90 degrees.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the dissolution vessel comprises baffles attached to an inner wall to promote mixing.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein a high temperature centrifugal filter is used to separate the undissolved polymers and colorants from the solution.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein colorants present in the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste are not dissolved in the solvent.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved polymer component is precipitated in the precipitator by lowering temperature of the solvent containing the dissolved polymer component.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein colorants present in the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste are dissolved in the solvent, but do not precipitate at room temperature.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein colorants present in the multilayer plastic film or the mixed plastic waste are dissolved in the selected solvent and precipitate at room temperature with the individual polymer component.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved polymer component is precipitated in the precipitator by adding an antisolvent.
12 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a distillation unit to purify the recovered solvent for reuse.
13 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first solvent recovery unit following the high temperature filter to recover the solvent from the undissolved plastic particles separated from the high temperature filter, and a second solvent recovery unit following the low temperature filter to recover the solvent from the precipitated polymer component separated from the low temperature filter.
14 . The system of claim 13 , further comprising an extruder following the second solvent recovery unit to extrude the polymer component to produce recycled plastic resin pellets and remove solvent from the polymer component.
15 . The system of claim 13 , further comprising a heat management system that controls temperature of the solvent entering the dissolution vessel, the dissolution vessel, the high temperature filter, the precipitator, and the first and second solvent recovery units.
16 . The system of claim 13 , further comprising a sequential subsystem comprising a second dissolution vessel, a second high temperature filter, a second precipitator, and a second low temperature filter, wherein undissolved plastic particles are conveyed to the second dissolution vessel to mix with a second solvent, wherein the second solvent selectively dissolves a second polymer component.
17 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sequential subsystem comprising a second dissolution vessel, a second high temperature filter, a second precipitator, and a second low temperature filter, wherein the undissolved plastic particles are conveyed to the second dissolution vessel to mix with a second solvent, wherein the second solvent selectively dissolves a second polymer component.
18 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising a distillation unit to purify the recovered solvent for reuse.