Scratch resistant glass and method of making
Methods of manufacturing a glass-based article includes exposing a glass-based substrate having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment to form the glass-based article. The ion exchange treatment including a molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol %. The glass-based article includes sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article The glass-based article has compressive stress layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers. The glass-based article includes a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K 2 O) to sodium oxide (Na 2 O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8.
1. A method of manufacturing a glass-based article, comprising:
exposing a glass-based substrate having opposing first and second surfaces defining a substrate thickness (t) and having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment comprising a first molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol % to form the glass-based article,
wherein the glass-based article comprises:
sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article;
a compressive layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer (DOL spike ) from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers; and
a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K 2 O) to sodium oxide (Na 2 O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of the glass-based article of 0.4 micrometers that is from 0 to 1.8; and
wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
a base composition of the glass-based substrate comprises a molar ratio of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) to lithium oxide (Li 2 O) of less than or equal to 0.63; and
at a center of the glass-based article, a molar ratio of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) to lithium oxide (Li 2 O) is less than or equal to 0.63.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based article comprises an average compressive stress (CS avg ) of greater than or equal to 115 MPa over a depth from 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based article comprises a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.19t and/or greater than or equal to 150 micrometers.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of potassium oxide (K 2 O) to sodium oxide (Na 2 O) is about 0.4 to 1.8.
5. The method of claim 1 , conducted using a single ion exchange treatment, wherein the first molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of the sodium salt;
from 0 mol % to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises from about 70 mol % to about 89 mol % of the potassium salt.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposing further comprises second molten salt bath that follows the first molten salt bath, wherein:
the first molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of the sodium salt;
from 0 mol % to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt; and
the second molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of a sodium salt;
from 0 mol % to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises from 8 mol % to about 15 mol % of the sodium salt.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises about 80 mol % to 90 mol % of the potassium salt.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises about 4 mol % or less of the lithium salt.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based article comprises a Knoop scratch initiation threshold of greater than or equal to 5 N.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based article comprises compressive stress at a knee (CS knee ) of greater than or equal to 115 MPa, and the DOL spike is greater than or equal to 4.4 micrometers and less than 8 micrometers.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based article has a maximum compressive stress (CS max ) of greater than or equal to 500 MPa.
14. A method of manufacturing a glass-based article, comprising:
exposing a glass-based substrate having opposing first and second surfaces defining a substrate thickness (t) and having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment comprising a first molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol % to form the glass-based article,
wherein the glass-based article comprises:
sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article;
a compressive layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer (DOL spike ) from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers; and
a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K 2 O) to sodium oxide (Na 2 O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of the glass-based article of 0.4 micrometers that is from 0.4 to 1.8.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the glass-based article comprises an average compressive stress (CS avg ) of greater than or equal to 115 MPa over a depth from 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the glass-based article comprises a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.19t and/or greater than or equal to 150 micrometers.
17. The method of claim 14 , conducted using a single ion exchange treatment, wherein the first molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of the sodium salt;
from 0 mol % to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises from about 70 mol % to about 89 mol % of the potassium salt.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the exposing further comprises a second molten salt bath that follows the first molten salt bath, wherein:
the first molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of the sodium salt;
from 0 mol % to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt; and
the second molten salt bath comprises:
from 8 mol % to 100 mol % of a sodium salt;
from 0 mol% to 10 mol % of a lithium salt; and
from 0 mol % to 90 mol % of a potassium salt.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises from 8 mol % to about 15 mol % of the sodium salt.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises about 80 mol % to 90 mol % of the potassium salt.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first molten salt bath comprises about 4 mol % or less of the lithium salt.
23. The method of claim 14 , wherein the glass-based article comprises a Knoop scratch initiation threshold of greater than or equal to 5 N.
24. The method of claim 14 , wherein the glass-based article comprises compressive stress at a knee (CS knee ) of greater than or equal to 115 MPa, and the DOL spike is greater than or equal to 4.4 micrometers and less than 8 micrometers.
25. The method of claim 14 , wherein the glass-based article has a maximum compressive stress (CS max ) of greater than or equal to 500 MPa.