Treatment of hyperinflammatory syndrome
Described is an antagonist of a mammalian P2X7R for use in the treatment of a hyperinflammatory syndrome in a mammalian patient, by primary lymph node targeted administration of the said P2X7R antagonist in the said patient to a concentration in the said targeted lymph nodes that is above the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist in the said mammal.
1. A method for the treatment of a hyperinflammatory syndrome in a mammalian patient, comprising primary lymph node targeted administration of a mammalian P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonist to the said patient to a concentration in the said targeted lymph nodes that is above the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist in the said mammal, wherein said P2X7R antagonist is delivered directly from the administration site to the lymph node, the administration being a bolus dosage corresponding with at least 1,000 times of the amount of the P2X7R antagonist comprised in 1 ml plasma at the maximum tolerable plasma level of the P2X7R antagonist.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is chosen from the group consisting of aminoamide derivatives, in particular lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine and mepivacaine; antibodies against P2X7Rs, in particular monoclonal antibodies, aminoester derivatives, in particular benzocaine and procaine; adamantane amide derivatives; triazole derivatives; diarylimidazolidine derivatives; pyroglutamic acid amide derivatives; pyrazole acetamide derivatives; dihydrodibenzo [a,g]quinolizinium derivatives; tetrazole derivatives; tyrosine based derivatives; pyrazolodiazepine derivatives; imidazoles derivatives; benzamides derivatives, KN62 analogues and derivatives; adamantane carboxamides; aryl carbohydrazides; cyanoguanidines; aryltetrazoles and aryltriazoles; PPADS tetrasodium salt; brilliant blue G (BBG); oxidised ATP (o-ATP); massadine; stylissadine A and B; P2X7R inhibitors C23, C40 and C60; [3H]A-804598 ([3H]2-cyano-1-[(1 S)-1-phenylethyl]-3-quinolin-5-ylguanidine); and bicycloheteroaryl compounds.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 1 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lipophilic P2X7R antagonist is in the form of the free base thereof, the hydrophilic P2X7R antagonist lidocaine being in the form of a water soluble pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the administration is an immediate release dosage form or a sustained release dosage form.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bolus dosage corresponds with at least 5,000 times the amount of the P2X7 receptor antagonist, that is comprised in 1 ml plasma at the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist, preferably at least 10,000.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the bolus is administered 2-10 times daily.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 2.5 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is in its free base form and is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 5 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is lidocaine.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hyperinflammatory syndrome is of a disease being chosen from the group consisting of COVID-19, sepsis, polymyalgia rheumatica, psoriatic arthritis, spondylarthrosis, chronic interstitial cystitis, chronic inflammatory bladder condition, knee arthrosis, multiple sclerosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and renal dysfunction in advance cancers, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, diabetic polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Graves' disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic reaction to processionary caterpillar toxin, rheumatoid arthritis, ischaemic cardiomyopathy in a patient with diabetes mellitus, acute lumbago, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and dyspnoea.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the disease is dyspnoea associated with a viral infection, bacterial infection, carcinomas, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, allergy, or chemotherapy.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the dyspnoea is associated with a viral infection caused by a virus, chosen from the group consisting of coronavirus, in particular SARS-CoV-2; influenza; ebola; respiratory syncytial virus; and HIV.
14. A method for the treatment of a hyperinflammatory syndrome in a mammalian patient, comprising primary lymph node targeted administration of a mammalian P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonist to the said patient to a concentration in the said targeted lymph nodes that is above the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist in the said mammal, wherein the disease is dyspnoea associated with a viral infection.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is chosen from the group consisting of aminoamide derivatives, in particular lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine and mepivacaine; antibodies against P2X7Rs, in particular monoclonal antibodies, aminoesterderivatives, in particular benzocaine and procaine; adamantane amide derivatives; triazole derivatives; diarylimidazolidine derivatives; pyroglutamic acid amide derivatives; pyrazole acetamide derivatives; dihydrodibenzo [a,g]quinolizinium derivatives; tetrazole derivatives; tyrosine based derivatives; pyrazolodiazepine derivatives; imidazoles derivatives; benzamides derivatives, KN62 analogues and derivatives; adamantane carboxamides; aryl carbohydrazides; cyanoguanidines; aryltetrazoles and aryltriazoles; PPADS tetrasodium salt; brilliant blue G (BBG); oxidised ATP (o-ATP); massadine; stylissadine A and B; P2X7R inhibitors C23, C40 and C60; [3H]A-804598 ([3H]2-cyano-1-[(1 S)-1-phenylethyl]-3-quinolin-5-ylguanidine); and bicycloheteroaryl compounds.
16. A method according to claim 14 , wherein said P2X7R antagonist is delivered directly from the administration site to the lymph node, the administration being selected from the group consisting of:
transmucosal and transdermal administration of the P2X7R antagonist being administered in lipophilic form, and/or
invasive administration chosen from intradermal and subcutaneous, including subdermal, administration, the P2X7R antagonist being in hydrophilic form;
wherein said administration is chosen from:
a bolus dosage corresponding with at least 1,000 times of the amount of the P2X7R antagonist comprised in 1 ml plasma at the maximum tolerable plasma level of the P2X7R antagonist, and
continuous administration of the P2X7R antagonist, the dosage corresponding with at least 10 times the IC 10 value for the P2X7R antagonist per kg body weight per hour.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 1 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the lymph node targeted administration comprises transmucosal administration in the oral cavity.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the administration is buccal, sublingual, or a combination thereof.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the lipophilic P2X7R antagonist is in the form of the free base thereof, the hydrophilic P2X7R antagonist lidocaine being in the form of a water soluble pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is administered by continuous infusion to a concentration in the targeted lymph nodes that corresponds to the IC x for the P2X7 receptor, the said IC x being above the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist in the said mammal, wherein ≥10, preferably ≥20, more preferably ≥30, even more preferably ≥40 and most preferably about 50.
22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the administration is an immediate release dosage form or a sustained release dosage form.
23. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the administration is by bolus dosage, wherein the bolus dosage corresponds with at least 5,000 times the amount of the P2X7 receptor antagonist, that is comprised in 1 ml plasma at the maximal tolerable plasma level of the said antagonist, preferably at least 10,000.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the bolus is administered 2-10 times daily.
25. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 2.5 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
26. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is in its free base form and is administered in a liquid medium comprising at least 5 w/v % of the P2X7R antagonist.
27. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the P2X7R antagonist is lidocaine.
28. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the dyspnoea is associated with a viral infection caused by a virus, chosen from the group consisting of coronavirus, in particular SARS-CoV-2; influenza; ebola; respiratory syncytial virus; and HIV.
29. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the treatment comprises topical administration of lidocaine in the free base form.
30. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the treatment comprises administration of the P2X7R antagonist in its free base form in the oral cavity.
31. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the treatment comprises invasive administration of the P2X7R antagonist in a water-soluble salt form, in particular the HCl salt thereof, the invasive administration being by continuous intradermal or subdermal infusion.