X-ray scintillators, metal halide hybrids, devices, and methods
View Patent ↗Methods of scintillation, scintillation devices, and metal halide hybrids that may be used as X-ray scintillators. The metal halide hybrids may include organic metal halide hybrids, inorganic metal halide hybrids, or organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids. The metal halide hybrids may have a 0D structure. The metal halide hybrids may be in the form of one or more discrete crystals.
1. A method for X-ray scintillation, the method comprising:
irradiating a metal halide hybrid with high-energy radiation to convert the high-energy radiation to at least one of near ultraviolet light or visible light;
wherein the metal halide hybrid comprises an organic manganese (II) halide hybrid comprising a crystal according to Formula (III)—
R′MnX 4 Formula (III),
wherein X is a halide, and
R′ is an organic phosphonium cation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide hybrid has a 0D structure.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein—
(i) the metal halide hybrid has a first PLQE measured within one week of the metal halide hybrid's creation,
(ii) a second PLQE measured after the metal halide hybrid is stored at ambient conditions for at least one year following the metal halide hybrid's creation, and
(iii) the second PLQE is no more than 3 percentage points less than the first PLQE.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide hybrid exhibits (i) a light yield of about 70,000 photons/MeV to about 90,000 photons/MeV, (ii) a detection limit of about 50 nGy/s to about 500 nGy/s, or (iii) a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide hybrid is in the form of one or more discrete crystals.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein each of the one or more discrete crystals has a largest dimension of about 1 mm to about 10 mm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide hybrid is dispersed in a matrix material.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the metal halide hybrid is in the form of a powder.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix material comprises a polymer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymer comprises polydimethylsiloxane.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix material is in the form of a film.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the film comprises a polymeric three-dimensional microstructured film.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphonium cation has a structure according to Formula (IV):
wherein each of R 11 -R 17 is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphonium cation is ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein X is Br.
16. A device comprising:
an electronic substrate;
an imaging chip;
a fiber-optic face plate, wherein the imaging chip is arranged between the electronic substrate and the fiber-optic face plate; and
a scintillator screen comprising a metal halide hybrid, wherein the fiber-optic face plate is arranged between the imaging chip and the scintillator screen;
wherein the metal halide hybrid comprises an organic manganese (II) halide hybrid comprising a crystal according to Formula (III)—
R′MnX 4 Formula (III),
wherein X is a halide, and
R′ is an organic phosphonium cation.
17. A scintillator screen comprising an organic manganese (II) halide hybrid, wherein the organic manganese (II) halide hybrid comprises a crystal according to Formula (III)—
R′MnX 4 Formula (III),
wherein X is a halide, and
R′ is an organic phosphonium cation.
18. The scintillator screen of claim 17 , wherein the organic phosphonium cation has a structure according to Formula (IV):
wherein each of R 11 -R 17 is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl.
19. The scintillator screen of claim 17 , wherein the organic phosphonium cation is ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium.
20. The scintillator screen of claim 19 , wherein X is Br.