PONGAMIA OIL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND USING THEREOF
Provided herein are pongamia oil compositions suitable for animal consumption, in particular human consumption, as well as methods of producing such compositions. The compositions are edible and non-bitter tasting, and have certain attributes that make such compositions suitable for use as and/or in various food and beverage products. Provided herein are also methods of analyzing pongamia oil.
1 . A pongamia oil composition, having:
less than or equal to about 1000 ppm of karanjin and pongamol combined;
less than or equal to about 1% by weight of unsaponifiable matter;
a peroxide value of less than or equal to about 5 meq/kg;
a p-anisidine value of less than or equal to about 10; and
less than or equal to about 25 ppm of residual solvents.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , having:
less than or equal to about 150 ppm of karanjin;
less than or equal to about 150 ppm of pongamol;
less than or equal to about 1% by weight of unsaponifiable matter;
a peroxide value of less than or equal to about 5 meq/kg;
a p-anisidine value of less than or equal to about 5; and
less than or equal to about 25 ppm of residual solvents.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the residual solvents comprise a non-polar solvent.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the residual solvents comprise a non-polar solvent and wherein the non-polar solvent comprises alkane.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is liquid at room temperature.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity of between about 30 centipoise and 600 centipoise as determined at 25° C.
7 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a solid fat content of between about 1% and about 10% at a temperature of about 5° C.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a smoke point of at least about 195° C.
9 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has at least 400 ppm of tocopherols.
10 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has less than 2500 ppm of sterols.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, alpha linolenic acid, lignoceric acid, arachidic acid, gondoic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, palmitoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, linoleic acid, margaric acid, gondoic acid, erucic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecenoic acid, or myristic acid, or any isomers thereof, or any combination of the foregoing.
12 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition comprises at least 40% oleic acid.
13 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the color of the composition is yellow or light yellow as determined by the Lovibond Color—AOCS Scale using a 1-inch cell path, wherein:
when the composition is yellow, the composition has a Lovibond Color Y-value of greater than or equal to 25; and
when the composition is light yellow, the composition has a Lovibond Color Y-value of less than 25.
14 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has one or more sensory attributes selected from the group consisting of: nuttiness, butteriness, grassiness, smoothness, and sweetness, and any combinations thereof.
15 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a ratio of karanjin to pongamol of greater than about 1.
16 . (canceled)
17 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the color of the composition is light yellow as determined by the Lovibond Color—AOCS Scale, and wherein the composition comprises less than or equal to about 200 ppm karanjin and pongamol combined.
18 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a neutral flavor.
19 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a ratio of karanjin to pongamol of less than or equal to 1.
20 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has:
(i) a free fatty acid content of less than or equal to about 1%;
(ii) less than or equal to about 0.1% of insoluble impurities;
(iii) less than or equal to about 25 ppm of phosphorus;
(iv) less than or equal to about 0.1 ppm of chlorophyll;
(v) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 1%;
(vi) less than or equal to about 1% glycerol;
(vii) less than or equal to about 2% monoglycerides;
(viii) less than or equal to about 5% diglycerides; and
(ix) at least about 90% triglycerides,
(x) or any combination of (i)-(ix).
21 . (canceled)
22 . An analytical method, comprising:
combining pongamia oil with an extraction solvent to provide an extraction mixture, wherein the extraction solvent comprises alkyl ketone, and wherein the pongamia oil comprises karanjin or pongamol, or both;
sonicating the extraction mixture to produce a sonicated mixture;
separating the sonicated mixture into an extracted pongamia composition and an alkyl ketone extract, wherein the extract comprises karanjin or pongamol, or both; and
measuring the concentration of karanjin or pongamol, or both, present in the extract.
23 - 25 . (canceled)
26 . A method for producing a pongamia oil composition, comprising:
combining crude pongamia oil with non-polar solvent to produce a crude mixture, wherein the non-polar solvent comprises alkane, and wherein the crude pongamia oil comprises pongamia oil and furanoflavonoids;
eluting the crude mixture through silica gel with the non-polar solvent to separate at least a portion of the furanoflavonoids from the pongamia oil, and to produce a purified mixture comprising pongamia oil and the non-polar solvent; and
removing at least a portion of the non-polar solvent from the purified mixture to produce a pongamia oil composition, wherein the composition has less than or equal to about 1000 ppm of karanjin and pongamol combined as determined by HPLC-DAD analysis of an acetone extract obtained from the pongamia oil composition; less than or equal to about 1% by weight of unsaponifiable matter; a peroxide value of less than or equal to about 5 meq/kg; and a p-anisidine value of less than or equal to about 10.
27 - 37 . (canceled)
38 . A pongamia oil composition produced according to the method of claim 26 .
39 . (canceled)
40 . A food or beverage product, comprising the pongamia oil composition of claim 1 .
41 - 42 . (canceled)
43 . The product of claim 40 , wherein the product is salad oil, frying oil, sauteeing oil, vinaigrettes, sauces, dressings, fats in meat mimetics, beverages, or blended margarines and other solid fat applications.