Bridge-type filters
An apparatus is disclosed for a lattice-type filter. In example aspects, the apparatus includes a filter circuit having a first port that is single-ended and a second port that is single-ended. The filter circuit also includes a transformer, a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator, and a fourth resonator. The transformer includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, with the third terminal coupled to the second port. The first resonator is coupled between the first port and the first terminal of the transformer. The second resonator is coupled between the first port and the second terminal of the transformer. The third resonator is coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and a ground. The fourth resonator is coupled between the second terminal of the transformer and the ground.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a filter circuit comprising:
a first port that is single-ended;
a second port that is single-ended;
a transformer comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, the third terminal coupled to the second port;
a first resonator coupled between the first port and the first terminal of the transformer, the first resonator comprising a first acoustic resonator having a first characteristic and a second acoustic resonator having a second characteristic, the first acoustic resonator coupled to the second acoustic resonator;
a second resonator coupled between the first port and the second terminal of the transformer;
a third resonator coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and a ground; and
a fourth resonator coupled between the second terminal of the transformer and the ground, the fourth resonator comprising a third acoustic resonator having a third characteristic and a fourth acoustic resonator having a fourth characteristic, the third acoustic resonator coupled to the fourth acoustic resonator.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the transformer comprises a fourth terminal; and
the fourth terminal of the transformer is coupled to the ground.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:
the transformer comprises a first inductor and a second inductor;
the first inductor is coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal of the transformer; and
the second inductor is coupled between the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the transformer.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
the first inductor comprises a first coil; and
the second inductor comprises a second coil that is electromagnetically coupled to the first coil.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the filter circuit comprises a lattice-type filter.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first resonator is coupled to the second resonator via a common node.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the common node corresponds to a terminal of the first port; and
another terminal of the first port is coupled to the ground.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:
a diplexer comprising:
the filter circuit; and
another filter circuit coupled to the filter circuit via the common node.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first resonator is substantially similar to the fourth resonator; and
the second resonator is substantially similar to the third resonator.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein:
the first resonator has a substantially same structure as the fourth resonator; and
the second resonator has a substantially same structure as the third resonator.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein:
a first impedance of the first resonator is substantially similar to a fourth impedance of the fourth resonator; and
a second impedance of the second resonator is substantially similar to a third impedance of the third resonator.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein:
the first impedance is different from the second impedance and the third impedance.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein:
a first resonant frequency of the first resonator is substantially similar to a fourth resonant frequency of the fourth resonator; and
a second resonant frequency of the second resonator is substantially similar to a third resonant frequency of the third resonator.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein:
the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency and the third resonant frequency.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
at least two resonators selected from a group of resonators including the first resonator, the second resonator, the third resonator, and the fourth resonator comprise at least two respective sets of multiple acoustic resonators.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein each respective set of multiple acoustic resonators comprises multiple acoustic resonators coupled together in parallel.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein each respective set of multiple acoustic resonators comprises multiple acoustic resonators coupled together in series.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein at least two acoustic resonators of each respective set of multiple acoustic resonators has a different resonant frequency from one another.
19. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein at least two acoustic resonators of each respective set of multiple acoustic resonators has a different impedance from one another.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first characteristic is within ten percent (10%) of the third characteristic; and
the second characteristic is within ten percent (10%) of the fourth characteristic.
21. The apparatus claim 1 , wherein:
each of the first characteristic, the second characteristic, the third characteristic, and the fourth characteristic is selected from a group of characteristics comprising an impedance and a resonant frequency.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
a value of the first characteristic is different from a value of the second characteristic.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
a value of the first characteristic is substantially similar to a value of the third characteristic; and
a value of the second characteristic is substantially similar to a value of the fourth characteristic.
24. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter circuit comprises:
a capacitor coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and the second terminal of the transformer.
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filter circuit comprises:
an inductor coupled to the second terminal of the transformer.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein:
the inductor is coupled between the second terminal of the transformer and the ground.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein:
the filter circuit lacks another inductor being coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and the ground.
28. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein:
the inductor comprises an asymmetric inductor relative to the first and second terminals of the transformer.
29. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first terminal and the second terminal of the transformer are coupled to a common inductor of the transformer.
30. An apparatus comprising:
at least one radio-frequency front-end comprising a filter circuit, the filter circuit comprising:
a first port that is single-ended;
a second port that is single-ended;
a transformer comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, the third terminal coupled to the second port;
a first resonator coupled between the first port and the first terminal of the transformer;
a second resonator coupled between the first port and the second terminal of the transformer;
a third resonator coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and a ground; and
a fourth resonator coupled between the second terminal of the transformer and the ground.
31. The apparatus of claim 30 , further comprising:
a wireless interface device comprising the at least one radio-frequency front-end;
a display screen; and
at least one processor operatively coupled to the display screen and at least a portion of the wireless interface device, the at least one processor configured to present one or more graphical images on the display screen based on one or more wireless signals communicated using the filter circuit of the wireless interface device.
32. An apparatus comprising:
a filter circuit comprising:
a first port;
a second port having a terminal that is coupled to a ground;
a transformer comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, the third terminal coupled to another terminal of the second port;
first means for resonating coupled between the first port and the first terminal of the transformer, the first means for resonating comprising a first acoustic resonator having a first characteristic and a second acoustic resonator having a second characteristic, the first acoustic resonator coupled to the second acoustic resonator;
second means for resonating coupled between the first port and the second terminal of the transformer;
third means for resonating coupled between the first terminal of the transformer and the ground; and
fourth means for resonating coupled between the second terminal of the transformer and the ground, the fourth means for resonating comprising a third acoustic resonator having a third characteristic and a fourth acoustic resonator having a fourth characteristic, the third acoustic resonator coupled to the fourth acoustic resonator.
33. The apparatus of claim 32 , wherein the first means for resonating comprises:
means for establishing a frequency response of the filter circuit using different resonant frequencies for the first characteristic of the first acoustic resonator and for the second characteristic of the second acoustic resonator.
34. The apparatus of claim 32 , wherein the filter circuit comprises:
means for compensating for a non-ideal coupling coefficient of the transformer.
35. The apparatus of claim 32 , wherein the filter circuit comprises:
means for compensating for a capacitive coupling between inductors of the transformer.
36. A method for filtering signals, the method comprising:
converting from a first signal to a first signal component and a second signal component;
propagating the first signal component through a first resonator and across a third resonator;
propagating the second signal component through a second resonator and across a fourth resonator;
routing the first signal component from the third resonator to a first terminal of a transformer;
routing the second signal component from the fourth resonator to a second terminal of the transformer; and
converting, using the transformer and responsive to the routing of the first signal component and the routing of the second signal component, from differential signaling that includes the first signal component and the second signal component to single-ended signaling of a second signal.
37. The method of claim 36 , wherein:
the propagating of the first signal component comprises propagating the first signal component along a first path that includes the first resonator coupled to the first path in a series configuration and the third resonator coupled to the first path in a shunt configuration; and
the propagating of the second signal component comprises propagating the second signal component along a second path that includes the second resonator coupled to the second path in the series configuration and the fourth resonator coupled to the second path in the shunt configuration.
38. The method of claim 36 , wherein the propagating of the first signal component and the propagating of the second signal component comprise:
shifting a relative phase that separates the first signal component from the second signal component by approximately one hundred and eighty degrees) (180°) between a common node and the first and second terminals of the transformer.
39. The method of claim 36 , wherein:
the propagating of the first signal component comprises filtering the first signal component using multiple first acoustic resonators of the first resonator, the multiple first acoustic resonators respectively having multiple first characteristics that differ from each other; and
the propagating of the second signal component comprises filtering the second signal component using multiple third acoustic resonators of the third resonator, the multiple third acoustic resonators respectively having multiple third characteristics that differ from each other, the multiple third characteristics being respectively substantially similar to the multiple first characteristics.
40. The method of claim 36 , wherein:
the routing of the first signal component comprises propagating the first signal component across a first terminal of a capacitor, the first terminal of the capacitor coupled to the first terminal of the transformer; and
the routing of the second signal component comprises propagating the second signal component across a second terminal of the capacitor, the second terminal of the capacitor coupled to the second terminal of the transformer.
41. The method of claim 36 , wherein the routing of the second signal component comprises:
propagating the second signal component across a terminal of an inductor that is coupled to the second terminal of the transformer.
42. An apparatus comprising:
a filter circuit comprising:
a transformer having a first inductor and a second inductor electromagnetically coupled to the first inductor, a first terminal of the second inductor coupled to an output port of the filter circuit, a second terminal of the second inductor coupled to a ground;
a first resonator arrangement coupled between an input port of the filter circuit and a first terminal of the first inductor of the transformer, the first resonator arrangement comprising a first acoustic resonator having a first characteristic and a second acoustic resonator having a second characteristic, the first acoustic resonator coupled to the second acoustic resonator;
a second resonator arrangement coupled between the input port and a second terminal of the first inductor;
a third resonator arrangement coupled between the first terminal of the first inductor and the ground; and
a fourth resonator arrangement coupled between the second terminal of the first inductor and the ground, the fourth resonator arrangement comprising a third acoustic resonator having a third characteristic and a fourth acoustic resonator having a fourth characteristic, the third acoustic resonator coupled to the fourth acoustic resonator.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the filter circuit further comprises:
a capacitor coupled between the first terminal of the first inductor and the second terminal of the first inductor.
44. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the filter circuit further comprises:
a third inductor coupled to the second terminal of the first inductor.
45. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the filter circuit further comprises:
a third inductor coupled to the first terminal of the first inductor.
46. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein:
the first resonator arrangement is substantially similar to the fourth resonator arrangement; and
the second resonator arrangement is substantially similar to the third resonator arrangement.