Ex-situ solid electrolyte interface modification using chalcogenides for lithium metal anode
Implementations described herein generally relate to metal electrodes, more specifically lithium-containing anodes, high performance electrochemical devices, such as secondary batteries, including the aforementioned lithium-containing electrodes, and methods for fabricating the same. In one implementation, an anode electrode structure is provided. The anode electrode structure comprises a current collector comprising copper. The anode electrode structure further comprises a lithium metal film formed on the current collector. The anode electrode structure further comprises a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film stack formed on the lithium metal film. The SEI film stack comprises a chalcogenide film formed on the lithium metal film. In one implementation, the SEI film stack further comprises a lithium oxide film formed on the chalcogenide film. In one implementation, the SEI film stack further comprises a lithium carbonate film formed on the lithium oxide film.
1. A method, comprising:
forming a lithium metal film over a current collector, the current collector comprising a copper film; and
forming a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film stack on the lithium metal film, comprising:
forming a chalcogenide film on the lithium metal film, wherein the chalcogenide film is selected from a group of a bismuth chalcogenide film, a copper chalcogenide film, or a combination thereof; and
forming a lithium halide film on the chalcogenide film.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium halide film is selected from lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chalcogenide film is the bismuth chalcogenide film.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chalcogenide film is the copper chalcogenide film.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium halide film is selected from lithium chloride and lithium bromide.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising an anode film formed between the current collector and the lithium metal film.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal film contacts the copper film.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chalcogenide film is selected from a group of CuS, Cu 2 Se, Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Te, CuTe, Bi 2 Te 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 , or a combination thereof.
9. A method, comprising:
forming a lithium metal film over a current collector, the current collector comprising a copper film; and
forming a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film stack on the lithium metal film, comprising:
forming a composite film on the lithium metal film, wherein the composite film comprises a lithium halide material and a chalcogenide material, wherein the chalcogenide material is selected from a group of a bismuth chalcogenide, a copper chalcogenide, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the lithium halide material is selected from lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the chalcogenide material is selected from a group of CuS, Cu 2 Se, Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Te, CuTe, Bi 2 Te 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 , or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the chalcogenide material is the bismuth chalcogenide.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the chalcogenide material is the copper chalcogenide.
14. The method of claim 9 , further comprising an anode film formed between the current collector and the lithium metal film.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the lithium metal film contacts the copper film.
16. An electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising a copper film;
a lithium metal film formed over the current collector; and
a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film stack formed on the lithium metal film, comprising:
a chalcogenide film on the lithium metal film, wherein the chalcogenide film is selected from a group of a bismuth chalcogenide film, a copper chalcogenide film, or a combination thereof; and
a lithium halide film on the chalcogenide film.
17. The electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the lithium halide film is selected from lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide.
18. The electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the lithium halide film is selected from lithium chloride and lithium bromide.
19. The electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the chalcogenide film is the bismuth chalcogenide film.
20. The electrode structure of claim 16 , further comprising an anode film formed between the current collector and the lithium metal film.