Power amplifier self-heating compensation circuit
Temperature compensation circuits and methods for adjusting one or more circuit parameters of a power amplifier (PA) to maintain approximately constant Gain versus time during pulsed operation sufficient to substantially offset self-heating of the PA. Some embodiments compensate for PA Gain “droop” due to self-heating using a Sample and Hold (S&H) circuit. The S&H circuit samples and holds an initial temperature of the PA at commencement of a pulse. Thereafter, the S&H circuit generates a continuous measurement that corresponds to the temperature of the PA during the remainder of the pulse. A Gain Control signal is generated that is a function of the difference between the initial temperature and the operating temperature of the PA as the PA self-heats for the duration of the pulse. The Gain Control signal is applied to one or more adjustable or tunable circuits within a PA to offset the Gain droop of the PA.
1. An integrated circuit including (1) an amplifier having a Gain that droops due to heating of the amplifier during operation, and (2) a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit including:
(a) at least one sensor located with respect to the amplifier so as to measure the temperature of the amplifier and generate an output signal T representing such temperature;
(b) at least one sample and hold circuit, each coupled to at least one sensor through an intermediate amplifier coupled between the at least one sensor and the at least one sample and hold circuit, configured to capture a temperature T(t=t 0 ) at a time t 0 after commencement of operation of the amplifier, and to sample a temperature T(t>t 0 ) at times after time to during operation of the amplifier;
(c) a comparison circuit, coupled to at least one sample and hold circuit, for determining a signal ΔT=T(t>t 0 )−T(t=t 0 ); and
(d) a mapping circuit, coupled to the comparison circuit, for receiving values of the signal ΔT and mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values, the control signal values being coupled to one or more adjustable circuits on the integrated circuit to adjust one or more circuit parameters of the one or more circuits.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of a Gain or output power of the amplifier during operation of the amplifier.
3. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the amplifier includes at least one amplifier stage configured to receive an input radio frequency signal and output an amplified radio frequency signal, and wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of: a bias circuit for one or more amplifier stages; one or more impedance matching networks affecting the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more auxiliary amplifier stages for amplifying the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more attenuation circuits affecting the amplitude of the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more voltage and/or current supply circuits within or to the amplifier.
4. The invention of claim 1 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least one of an offset linear function, an inverse function, or a non-linear function.
5. The invention of claim 1 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least a logarithmic function.
6. The invention of claim 1 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values results in the control signal values being linear and proportionate with respect to the values of the signal ΔT.
7. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the mapping circuit converts the values of the signal ΔT to digital values and applies the digital values to a look-up table programmed with a desired mapping function in order to generate corresponding control signal values in digital form.
8. An integrated circuit including (1) a pulsed-operation amplifier having a Gain that droops due to heating of the amplifier during operation, and (2) a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit including:
(a) at least one sensor located with respect to the amplifier so as to measure the temperature of the amplifier and generate an output signal T representing such temperature;
(b) at least one sample and hold circuit, each coupled to at least one sensor through an intermediate amplifier coupled between the at least one sensor and the at least one sample and hold circuit, configured to capture a temperature T(t=t 0 ) at a time t 0 after commencement of operation of the amplifier, and to sample a temperature T(t>t 0 ) at times after time t 0 during operation of the amplifier;
(c) a comparison circuit, coupled to at least one sample and hold circuit, for determining a signal ΔT=T(t>t 0 )−T(t=t 0 ); and
(d) a mapping circuit, coupled to the comparison circuit, for receiving values of the signal ΔT and mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values, the control signal values being coupled to one or more adjustable circuits on the integrated circuit to adjust one or more circuit parameters of the one or more circuits, wherein the mapping circuit converts the values of the signal ΔT to digital values and applies the digital values to a look-up table programmed with a desired mapping function in order to generate corresponding control signal values in digital form.
9. The invention of claim 8 , wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of a Gain or output power of the amplifier during operation of the amplifier.
10. The invention of claim 8 , wherein the amplifier includes at least one amplifier stage configured to receive an input radio frequency signal and output an amplified radio frequency signal, and wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of: a bias circuit for one or more amplifier stages; one or more impedance matching networks affecting the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more auxiliary amplifier stages for amplifying the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more attenuation circuits affecting the amplitude of the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more voltage and/or current supply circuits within or to the amplifier.
11. The invention of claim 8 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least one of an offset linear function, an inverse function, or a non-linear function.
12. The invention of claim 8 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least a logarithmic function.
13. The invention of claim 8 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values results in the control signal values being linear and proportionate with respect to the values of the signal ΔT.
14. An integrated circuit including (1) an amplifier having a Gain that droops due to self-heating of the amplifier during operation, and (2) a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit including:
(a) at least one sensor located with respect to the amplifier so as to measure the temperature of the amplifier due to self-heating and generate an output signal T representing such temperature;
(b) at least one sample and hold circuit, each coupled to at least one sensor through an intermediate amplifier coupled between the at least one sensor and the at least one sample and hold circuit, configured to capture a temperature T(t=t 0 ) at a time to after commencement of operation of the amplifier, and to sample a temperature T(t>t 0 ) at times after time to during operation of the amplifier;
(c) a comparison circuit, coupled to at least one sample and hold circuit, for determining a signal ΔT=T(t>t 0 )−T(t=t 0 ); and
(d) a mapping circuit, coupled to the comparison circuit, for receiving values of the signal ΔT and mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values, the control signal values being coupled to one or more adjustable circuits on the integrated circuit to adjust one or more circuit parameters of the one or more circuits sufficient to substantially offset the effect of self-heating on the Gain of the amplifier during operation of the amplifier.
15. The invention of claim 14 , wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of a Gain or output power of the amplifier during operation of the amplifier.
16. The invention of claim 14 , wherein the amplifier includes at least one amplifier stage configured to receive an input radio frequency signal and output an amplified radio frequency signal, and wherein the control signal values are coupled to and adjust at least one of: a bias circuit for one or more amplifier stages; one or more impedance matching networks affecting the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more auxiliary amplifier stages for amplifying the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more attenuation circuits affecting the amplitude of the input radio frequency signal and/or the amplified radio frequency signal; one or more voltage and/or current supply circuits within or to the amplifier.
17. The invention of claim 14 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least one of an offset linear function, an inverse function, or a non-linear function.
18. The invention of claim 14 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values includes applying at least a logarithmic function.
19. The invention of claim 14 , wherein mapping the values of the signal ΔT to corresponding control signal values results in the control signal values being linear and proportionate with respect to the values of the signal ΔT.
20. The invention of claim 14 , wherein the mapping circuit converts the values of the signal ΔT to digital values and applies the digital values to a look-up table programmed with a desired mapping function in order to generate corresponding control signal values in digital form.