Energy transfer machine for corrosive fluids
An internal gear pump or motor includes inner and outer rotors that mesh together. An internal electric motor or generator may include a stator supported by a support element that passes through bearings of the outer rotor and the inner rotor may act as a rotor of the electric motor or generator. With or without the stator, the support element may support bearings of the inner rotor. The support element may be, for example, an eccentric shaft. Fluids may be supplied via the support element, if present, for cooling, lubrication or to flush a working fluid out of portions of the pump or motor, such as bearings. Flushing may also occur via channels in the housing with or without the presence of the support element. Axial faces of one of a pair of adjacent elements, for example the inner rotor and the outer rotor, may include portions for improved axial sealing and wearing in of the other of the pair. Fluid may enter and exit chambers between the inner and outer rotors by radial ports.
1. An internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor comprising:
a housing;
an outer rotor having radially inward-facing projections, the outer rotor being mounted on a first bearing for rotation relative to the housing about a first axis defined by a first bearing;
an inner rotor having radially outward-facing projections configured to mesh with the radially inward-facing projections of the outer rotor, the inner rotor being mounted on a second bearing for rotation relative to the housing about a second axis defined by the second bearing, the second axis being parallel to and offset from the first axis;
the inward-facing projections of the outer rotor at least in part defining variable volume chambers between the inward-facing projections of the outer rotor;
the inward-facing projections of the outer rotor and the outward-facing projections of the inner rotor intermeshing at a top dead center (TDC) portion of the pump, compressor, expander or motor; and
the housing including one or more bearing flushing channels for supplying a bearing flushing fluid to at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing, in which, in the absence of the supply of the bearing flushing fluid to the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing, a working fluid would ingress into the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing at a default rate, and the bearing flushing fluid is supplied to the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing at sufficient pressure to reduce ingress of the working fluid into the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing below a threshold lower than the default rate.
2. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 1 in which the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing includes the second bearing.
3. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 2 further comprising a support element passing through an inner diameter of the first bearing, the one or more bearing flushing channels including an internal bearing flushing channel of the support element for supplying the bearing flushing fluid to the second bearing.
4. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 1 in which the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing includes the first bearing.
5. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 4 further comprising a support element passing through an inner diameter of the first bearing, the one or more bearing flushing channels including an internal bearing flushing channel of the support element for supplying the bearing flushing fluid to the first bearing.
6. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 4 further comprising a support element passing through an inner diameter of the first bearing, the one or more bearing flushing channels including an internal bearing flushing channel of the support element, and in which the at least one of the first bearing and the second bearing includes the first bearing and the internal bearing flushing channel also supplies the bearing flushing fluid to the second bearing.
7. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 1 in which the bearing flushing fluid is a substance or composition included in a working fluid of the internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor.
8. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 7 being the internal gear pump compressor, the working fluid comprising hydrogen and liquid or gaseous water, and the bearing flushing fluid being dry hydrogen.
9. The internal gear pump, internal gear pump compressor, internal gear pump expander, or internal gear hydraulic motor of claim 8 in which the gear pump compressor is a hydrogen recirculation blower (HRB) in an anode loop for a fuel cell.
10. An apparatus including the internal gear pump of claim 9 and a hydrogen tank and the fuel cell, in which the dry hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen tank.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 in which the dry hydrogen is heated between the hydrogen tank and the HRB.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 in which the dry hydrogen is heated at least in part by waste heat from the fuel cell.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 in which the dry hydrogen is heated at least in part by waste heat from the HRB.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the inner rotor includes at least one axially outer surface configured to seal against a corresponding axially inner surface of the outer rotor, the at least one axially outer surface defining a proud portion to seal against the corresponding axially inner surface.