Biaxially-oriented polyethylene films for thermoforming, process for the production thereof, their use, a process for thermoforming and its products
A biaxially-oriented film for thermoforming is disclosed including at least 75% by weight polyethylene and at least 95% by weight polyolefins, based on the total mass of the film. The polyethylene has an elongation at break of at least 7 in the stress-strain diagram, wherein the stress-strain diagram is measured at a temperature of 10° C. below the melting point of the polyethylene and the melting point is determined by differential scanning calorimetry using a heating rate of 10° C. per minute. A process for producing such films and to the use thereof are disclosed. A process for producing shaped bodies from such films and to the shaped bodies themselves are disclosed.
1. A biaxially-oriented film for thermoforming, wherein
the film contains at least 75% by weight polyethylene and at least 95% by weight polyolefins, based on the total mass of the film, wherein the polyethylene has an elongation at break of at least 7 in the stress-strain diagram, wherein the stress-strain diagram is measured at a temperature of 10° C. below the melting point of the polyethylene and the melting point is determined by differential scanning calorimetry using a heating rate of 10° C. per minute, wherein the stretch ratio in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction lies in the range from 1.2 to 5.5.
2. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-strain diagram of the polyethylene has an upper yield point and the yield stress is the highest stress in the stress-strain diagram.
3. The film according to claim 2 , wherein the stress-strain diagram of the polyethylene additionally has a lower yield point and all stress values in the case of strain values higher than the strain at the lower yield point are lower than the mean value of the yield stress and the stress at the lower yield point.
4. The film according to claim 3 , wherein the stress-strain diagram of the polyethylene exhibits no stress-strain hardening.
5. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is a polyethylene chosen from the group consisting of HDPE, MDPE and LLDPE.
6. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the film is at least 800 MPa.
7. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the shrinkage of the film is at most 5% in the longitudinal direction and at most 5% in the transverse direction.
8. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the film has a thickness in the range from 25 μm to 2000 μm.
9. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the film has a 2-sigma thickness distribution value of 15% or less.
10. A process for producing the film according to claim 1 , wherein the film is produced according to a process comprising the following steps:
extruding a film comprising at least one layer comprising polyethylene composed of at least one polymer melt,
cooling the film to form a film,
elongating the film in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, wherein the stretch ratio in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction lies in the range from 1.2 to 5.5,
further comprising a heat treatment which is subsequently carried out, wherein during the heat treatment relaxation is performed in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction,
wherein the extent of the relaxation is in the range from 2% to 12%.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene used has a density in the range from 0.89-0.98 g/cm 3 .
12. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene used has an MFI (190° C./2.16 kg) of 0.3-8 g/10 min.
13. A process for producing a shaped body, wherein a film is deformed by thermoforming, wherein the film is a biaxially-oriented film for thermoforming, wherein the film contains at least 75% by weight polyethylene and at least 95% by weight polyolefins, based on the total mass of the film, wherein the polyethylene has an elongation at break of at least 7 in the stress-stain diagram, wherein the stress-strain diagram is measured at a temperature of 10° C. below the melting point of the polyethylene and the melting point is determined by differential scanning calorimetry using a heating rate of 10° C. per minute.
14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the film is formed with a degree of deformation in the range from 2 to 6.
15. A shaped body formed fully or partly by thermoforming from a biaxially-oriented film, wherein the body comprises at least 75 wt. % polyethylene and at least 95 wt. % polyolefins, based on the total mass of the shaped body, wherein the film contains at least 75% by weight polyethylene and at least 95% by weight polyolefins, based on the total mass of the film, wherein the polyethylene has an elongation at break of at least 7 in the stress-strain diagram, wherein the stress-strain diagram is measured at a temperature of 10° C. below the melting point of the polyethylene and the melting point is determined by differential scanning calorimetry using a heating rate of 10° C. per minute.
16. The shaped body according to claim 15 , wherein the part of the shaped body that was formed by thermoforming, the ratio of the greatest thickness of a formed film to the smallest thickness of the formed film is not more than two.
17. The shaped body according to claim 15 , wherein the water permeability measured to ASTM E 96 at 30° C. and 90% relative humidity is not more than 8 g/m2/day.
18. The shaped body according to claim 15 , wherein the oxygen permeability measured to ISO 15105-2 at 23° C. and 0% relative humidity is not more than 4000 cm3/m2/day.