Systems and methods for dry powder coating layers of an electrochemical cell
A system for forming a particle layer on a substrate may include at least one sprayer and at least two masks configured to selectively mask a substrate in a first region and second region of the substrate. The at least one sprayer may be configured to spray particles at the substrate, where the at least two masks maintain the first region and second region substantially free of the deposited material. A heater may be employed to heat the substrate as the particles are sprayed by the at least one sprayer onto the substrate.
1 . A method for depositing material layers, the method comprising:
grasping a first region of a substrate with a first clamp to mask the first region of the substrate;
heating the substrate; and
spraying first particles comprising at least one selected from the group of an electrochemical material, an ionically conductive material, an electrically conductive material, and a separator material towards the heated substrate to form a first layer on the substrate, wherein the substrate is a current collector for an electrochemical cell.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein spraying the first particles towards the heated substrate includes spraying the first particles towards a first side of the substrate and a second side of the substrate opposite the first side.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the substrate includes passing a current through the substrate via the first clamp contacting the substrate and a second mask contacting the substrate to resistively heat the substrate.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising grasping a second region of the substrate with a second clamp to mask the second region of the substrate.
5 . The method of claim 4 , further comprising moving at least a portion of the substrate relative to the first clamp and the second clamp.
6 . The method of claim 4 , further comprising moving the substrate while the first particles are sprayed towards the heated substrate.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the first clamp and the second clamp move in sync with the substrate.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein moving the substrate includes a first roller and a second roller, wherein the first roller and the second roller are configured to move the substrate such that at least a portion of the substrate moves from the first roller toward the second roller, wherein the substrate is unwound from the first roller and wound onto the second roller.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising calendering the first layer.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first particles further comprise a binder.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising spraying second particles onto the first layer to form a second layer disposed on the first layer.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein grasping the substrate with the first clamp comprises actuating the first clamp with an actuator, wherein the actuator is a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric actuator.
13 . A method of forming an electrode comprising:
masking a first region of a substrate to inhibit material deposition on the substrate in the first region, wherein masking the first region of the substrate includes grasping the first region of the substrate with a first clamp;
masking a second region of the substrate to inhibit material deposition in the second region, wherein masking the second region of the substrate includes grasping the second region of the substrate with a second clamp;
applying first particles comprising at least one selected from the group of an electrochemical material, an ionically conductive material, an electrically conductive material, and a separator material to the substrate to form a first layer; and
applying second particles comprising at least one selected from the group of the electrochemical material, the ionically conductive material, the electrically conductive material, and the separator material to the first layer to form a second layer disposed on the first layer.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein applying the first particles and the second particles includes spraying the first particles towards the substrate and spraying the second particles towards the first layer.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first particles include the electrochemical material and the second particles include the separator and/or the ionically conductive material.
16 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising sequentially calendering the first layer and the second layer.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein calendering the first layer and the second layer includes moving at least a portion of the substrate from a first roller toward a second roller, wherein the substrate is unwound from the first roller and wound onto the second roller.
18 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising calendering the first layer and the second layer simultaneously.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein calendering the first layer and the second layer includes moving at least a portion of the substrate from a first roller toward a second roller, wherein the substrate is unwound from the first roller and wound onto the second roller.
20 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising heating the substrate.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein heating the substrate includes passing a current through the substrate via a first mask contacting the substrate and a second mask contacting the substrate to resistively heat the substrate.