Thermal management system for a fuel cell electric vehicle and a method for controlling same
A thermal management control apparatus includes: a stack cooling line configured to cool a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell electric vehicle; a battery cooling line configured to cool a battery of the fuel cell electric vehicle; a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between a stack coolant of the stack cooling line and a battery coolant of the battery cooling line; a valve configured to control an inflow of the stack coolant to the heat exchanger; and a control apparatus. The control apparatus is configured to diagnose whether a component of the valve or the battery cooling line has failed when the battery is overheated and to control a fuel cell output to cool the stack coolant and cool the battery by using a temperature of the stack coolant when a failure of the valve or a component failure of the battery cooling line occurs.
1. A thermal management system for a fuel cell electric vehicle, comprising:
a stack cooling line configured to cool a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell electric vehicle;
a battery cooling line configured to cool a battery of the fuel cell electric vehicle;
a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between a stack coolant of the stack cooling line and a battery coolant of the battery cooling line;
a valve configured to control an inflow of the stack coolant to the heat exchanger; and
a control apparatus configured to diagnose whether a component of the valve or the battery cooling line has failed when the battery has overheated, and to control a fuel cell output to cool the stack coolant and cool the battery by using a temperature of the stack coolant when a failure of the valve or a component failure of the battery cooling line occurs.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the control apparatus is configured to determine whether the component of the battery cooling line has failed by determining whether a temperature of the battery cooling line is normal by driving the component of the battery cooling line after the valve is closed.
3. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the control apparatus is configured to drive the component of the battery cooling line in a closed state of the valve, and then to determine that the component of the battery cooling line is in a normal state when a battery coolant temperature is lower than a battery inlet coolant temperature and the battery inlet coolant temperature is lower than a battery temperature.
4. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the control apparatus is configured to stop an operation of the component of the battery cooling line for a predetermined time in an open state of the valve, and then to determine whether the valve has failed by determining whether a temperature of the battery cooling line is in a normal state.
5. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the control apparatus is configured to stop an operation of the component of the battery cooling line for a predetermined time in an open state of the valve, and then to determine that the valve is in a normal state when a battery inlet coolant temperature is lower than a battery temperature.
6. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein, when all components of the valve and the battery cooling line are in a normal state, the control apparatus is configured to determine an overpressure state or a low pressure state of a refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line.
7. The thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein, when a temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to a first reference value and is less than a second reference value that is greater than the first reference value, and when the component of the battery cooling line or the refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line is in an overpressure or low pressure state, the control apparatus is configured to open the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to output the fuel cell output in a normal operating range, and is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line.
8. The thermal management system of claim 7 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to the second reference value and is less than a third reference value that is greater than the second reference value, and when the component of the battery cooling line or the refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line is in an overpressure or low pressure state, the control apparatus is configured to open the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to reduce the fuel cell output to within an allowable battery output to output the allowable battery output, and is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line.
9. The thermal management system of claim 8 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to a third reference value, and when the component of the battery cooling line or the refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line is in an overpressure or low pressure state, the control apparatus is configured to open the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to reduce the fuel cell output to a predetermined minimum value to output the predetermined minimum value, and is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line.
10. The thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to a second reference value and is less than a third reference value greater than the second reference value, and when the valve has failed, the control apparatus is configured to maintain an open state of the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to output the fuel cell output in a normal operating range, is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line, and is configured to cool the battery by using a refrigerant of the battery cooling line.
11. The thermal management system of claim 10 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to the second reference value and is less than a third reference value that is greater than the second reference value, and when the valve has failed, the control apparatus is configured to maintain the open state of the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to reduce the fuel cell output to within an allowable battery output to output the allowable battery output, is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line, and is configured to cool the battery by using a refrigerant of the battery cooling line.
12. The thermal management system of claim 11 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to a third reference value, and when the valve has failed, the control apparatus is configured to maintain the open state of the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger, is configured to reduce the fuel cell output to a predetermined minimum value to output the predetermined minimum value, is configured to control rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line, and is configured to cool the battery by using a refrigerant of the battery cooling line.
13. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the component of the battery cooling line includes at least one of a compressor, a cooling fan, a condenser, an expander, or any combination thereof.
14. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein, when a failure of the valve or a component failure of the battery cooling line occurs, without limiting a battery charging current or discharging current, the control apparatus is configured to increase cooling performance of the stack cooling line by controlling an output of a fuel cell and driving of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line for each battery temperature section.
15. A control method of a thermal management system for a fuel cell electric vehicle, the method comprising:
diagnosing, by a control apparatus, whether a component of a battery cooling line or a valve that controls an inflow of a stack coolant to a battery heat exchanger has failed when a temperature of a battery has overheated;
cooling, by the control apparatus, the stack coolant by controlling a fuel cell output when a failure of the valve or a component failure of the battery cooling line occurs; and
cooling, by the control apparatus, the battery by using a temperature of the stack coolant.
16. The control method of claim 15 , wherein, when a failure of the valve or a component failure of the battery cooling line occurs, without limiting a battery charging current or discharging current, the cooling of the battery by using the temperature of the stack coolant includes increasing cooling performance of the stack cooling line by controlling an output of a fuel cell and driving of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line for each temperature section of the battery.
17. The control method of claim 15 , wherein the diagnosing of whether the component of the battery cooling line or the valve has failed includes driving, by the control apparatus, the component of the battery cooling line in a closed state of the valve, and then determining, by the control apparatus, that the component of the battery cooling line is in a normal state when a battery coolant temperature is lower than a battery inlet coolant temperature and the battery inlet coolant temperature is lower than a battery temperature.
18. The control method of claim 15 , wherein the diagnosing of whether the component of the battery cooling line or the valve is failed includes stopping, by the control apparatus, an operation of the component of the battery cooling line for a predetermined time in an open state of the valve, and then determining, by the control apparatus, whether the valve has failed by determining whether the temperature of the battery cooling line is in a normal state.
19. The control method of claim 15 , further comprising, when all components of the valve and the battery cooling line are in a normal state, determining an overpressure state or a low pressure state of a refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line.
20. The control method of claim 19 , wherein, when the temperature of the battery is greater than or equal to a first reference value and is less than a second reference value that is greater than the first reference value, and when the component of the battery cooling line or the refrigerant pressure of the battery cooling line is in an overpressure or low pressure state, the control method further comprises:
opening, by the control apparatus, the valve to enable the stack coolant to flow into the heat exchanger;
outputting, by the control apparatus, the fuel cell output in a normal operating range; and
controlling, by the control apparatus, rotation speeds of a cooling fan and a water pump of the stack cooling line.