Flexible aluminum busbar
A busbar that includes a low profile, flexible body made of aluminum layers stacked together on their longitudinal surfaces. The aluminum layers are laser welded together and are designed to have an offset at a middle portion such that the middle portion has a raised profile. A method of laser welding the aluminum layers is also disclosed.
1. A busbar comprising: a body including a plurality of aluminum layers stacked together, the body having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a middle portion disposed between the first end and the second end; and the plurality of aluminum layers includes at least a first aluminum layer and a second aluminum layer stacked on one longitudinal surface of the first aluminum layer and secured to the first aluminum layer with one or more laser welds at the first and second ends, wherein the plurality of aluminum layers are configured to have an offset at the middle portion such that the middle portion has a raised profile relative to a profile of the first or second ends.
2. The busbar of claim 1 , wherein the busbar is configured to have an aluminum layer thickness, an offset radius of curvature and an offset height that jointly provide a defined flexibility of the busbar in a plurality of axes, and a continuous current carrying capacity ranging from 100 A to 500 A.
3. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein the defined flexibility is a minimum deflection of the busbar of 0.2 mm without needing to apply more than 300N each of opposing forces on two cell terminal welds of the busbar.
4. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein a ratio of the offset height to a thickness of the busbar ranges from 0.75:1 to 1.5:1.
5. The busbar of claim 4 , wherein the ratio of the offset height to the thickness of the busbar ranges from 1:1 to 1.5:1.
6. The busbar of claim 4 , wherein all the plurality of layers are laser welded at said first and second ends.
7. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein the offset height ranges from 1 mm to 4 mm.
8. The busbar of claim 7 , wherein the offset height ranges from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
9. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein the aluminum layer thickness of each layer ranges from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.
10. The busbar of claim 9 , wherein the aluminum layer thickness of each layer ranges from 0.10 mm to 0.13 mm.
11. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein the offset radius of curvature ranges from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
12. The busbar of claim 11 , wherein the offset radius of curvature ranges from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm.
13. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein a topmost aluminum layer of the busbar has a thickness that is between 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm.
14. The busbar of claim 2 , wherein the continuous current carrying capacity ranges from 200 A to 250 A.
15. The busbar of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of aluminum layers comprises Aluminum 1100.
16. The busbar of claim 1 , wherein at least one aluminum layer of the plurality of aluminum layers has a thickness that is dissimilar from the thicknesses of remaining layers.
17. A busbar comprising: a body including a plurality of aluminum layers stacked together, the body having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a middle portion disposed between the first end and the second end; and the plurality of aluminum layers includes at least a first aluminum layer and a second aluminum layer stacked on one longitudinal surface of the first aluminum layer and secured to the first aluminum layer with one or more laser welds at the first and second ends, wherein the plurality of aluminum layers are configured to have a plurality of offsets at the middle portion such that the middle portion has a plurality of raised profiles relative to a profile of the first or second ends.
18. The busbar of claim 17 , wherein the middle portion has at least one level profile that matches or substantially matches the profile of the first or second ends.
19. A method comprising:
laser welding a plurality of aluminum layers together by:
preparing a busbar comprising at least a first aluminum layer and a second aluminum layer stacked on one longitudinal surface of the first aluminum layer;
generating an offset at a middle portion of the busbar such that a profile of the middle portion of the busbar is raised relative to a profile of a first or second end of the busbar; and
laser welding, responsive to the generating, the first aluminum layer to at least the second aluminum layer at the first and second ends of the busbar.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
laser welding using a laser device having a wavelength of about 1070 nm, a welding speed of about 20 mm/s, a laser power of about 1400W, a scan width of about 3 mm and a scan frequency of about 200 Hz.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
laser welding using a laser device having a power density ranging from 170 Kw/mm2 to 180 Kw/mm2 and a welding speed ranging from 20 mm/s to 25 mm/s,
wherein the laser welding is responsive to selecting a busbar thickness to be a value ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm and an offset height to be a value ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the power density ranges from 175 Kw/mm2 to 180 Kw/mm2, the busbar thickness ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm and the offset ranges from 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the power density is 175 Kw/mm2.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the busbar thickness is 2 mm.
25. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
laser welding the busbar to one or more aluminum cell terminals of a battery pack.
26. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
generating the offset of the busbar to occupy a low profile in comparison to conventional busbars, based on selecting a defined aluminum layer thickness, offset radius of curvature and offset height combination that jointly provide both a defined flexibility of the busbar in a plurality of axes and continuous current carrying capacity of between 100 A to 500 A.