Pointing units and methods of operating pointing units
A pointing unit ( 100 ) for use with a free space optical (FSO) communications terminal ( 105 ) including an optical arrangement ( 101 ) of one or more optically transmissive steering elements ( 101 a, 101 b ). The steering elements ( 101 a, 101 b ) are arranged in an optical path of an incident beam ( 107 ) entering the optical arrangement ( 100 ), and the orientation of at least one element ( 101 a, 101 b ), and the refractive index of at least one element ( 101 a, 101 b ), are controllable to steer a beam ( 107 b ) towards a target ( 110 ).
1. A pointing unit configured for use with a free space optical communications terminal, the pointing unit comprising:
an optical arrangement comprising an optically transmissive steering element arranged in an optical path of an incident beam entering the optical arrangement, wherein the optically transmissive steering element has a principal axis parallel to an input direction of the incident beam, and the optically transmissive steering element includes:
a first portion configured to steer the incident beam by a first steering angle relative to the first portion, and
a second portion configured to steer the incident beam by a second steering angle smaller than the first steering angle, wherein the first steering angle and the second steering angle are co-planar;
a rotational housing or rotational mount supporting the optical arrangement, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the steering element are fixed together and turn together by the rotational housing or the rotational mount, and
at least one controller configured to:
steer the incident beam to the first steering angle by causing the rotational housing or rotational mount to rotate the optically transmissive steering element in a plane perpendicular to the principal axis, and
steer the incident beam to the second steering angle by electrically controlling the second portion,
wherein the steering of the incident beam to the first steering angle and to the second steering angle directs the incident beam to a target.
2. The pointing unit according to claim 1 , wherein an overall beam steering angle is a function of the first steering angle and the second steering angle and the overall beam steering angle directs the incident beam to the target.
3. The pointing unit according to claim 1 , wherein the second steering angle is variable according to the electrically controlling of the second portion.
4. The pointing unit according to claim 1 , wherein the optically transmissive steering element is a first optically transmissive steering element of a pair of optically transmissive steering elements, and the pair of optically transmissive steering elements are arranged as and controlled by the at least one controller as a Risley pair.
5. An aircraft equipped with the pointing unit according to claim 1 .
6. The pointing unit according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion is a first optically transmissive metamaterial element and the second portion is a second optically transmissive metamaterial element.
7. The pointing unit according to claim 6 , wherein the optically transmissive steering element is monolithic element, and the first optically transmissive metamaterial element is a first layer of the monolithic element and the second optically transmissive metamaterial element is a second layer of the monolithic element.
8. The pointing unit according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion is configured to steer the incident beam to the first steering angle to an opening angle in a range that extends to 90 degrees, and the second portion is configured to steer the incident beam to the steering angle that is a variable angle in a range of plus or minus 2 degrees relative to the first steering angle.