Composition and method for capture and degradation of PFAS
Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.
1. A method, comprising:
capturing a per- or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) from a sample by
combining the sample with a composite sorbent, thereby sorbing the PFAS to the composite sorbent to form a PFAS-sorbent, the composite sorbent comprising at least two different materials, (a) and (b), wherein (a) is a metal-organic framework (MOF), a covalent organic framework (COF), a covalent organic polymer (COP), a zeolite, mesoporous silica, or hierarchical porous carbon, and (b) is at least one of a polymer, a zeolite, a covalent organic framework, mesoporous silica, a hierarchical porous carbon, a photocatalyst, a carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, a Prussian blue analog, or a metal oxide, wherein
(i) the MOF, if present, does not comprise [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 ] and 1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid (UiO-66), and/or
(ii) the polymer, if present, is not poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein combining the sample with the composite sorbent comprises flowing the sample through a bed of a column, the bed comprising the composite sorbent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composite sorbent comprises particulates having a size of from 100 μm to 500 μm.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a flow rate through the bed is from 0.5 bed volumes/minute to 10 bed volumes/minute.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample has a contact time with the composite sorbent of from 1 minute to 24 hours.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the PFAS-sorbent to a temperature T 1 sufficient to thermally degrade the PFAS.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the PFAS-sorbent is heated to the temperature T 1 for a time period of from 1 hour to 24 hours.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the temperature T 1 is less than a temperature T 2 sufficient to thermally degrade the PFAS when not sorbed to the composite sorbent.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the temperature T 1 sufficient to thermally degrade the PFAS is from 50° C. to 200° C.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising heating the PFAS-sorbent in a solution comprising H 2 SO 4 , NaHSO 5 , Na 2 S 2 O 8 , FeSO 4 , H 2 O 2 , Na 2 S 2 O 4 , NaClO 3 , NaClO 4 , Na 2 S 2 O 5 , HCl, KI, NaNO 3 , HNO 3 , Fe(0), Zn, Ni, Na 2 SO 3 , NaClO, Ca(OH) 2 , K 2 CrO 4 , Na 2 S 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , KMNO 4 , K 2 FeO 4 , NaBH 4 , NaOH, KOH, or any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MOF comprises M 3 X(H 2 O) 2 O(BDC) 3 ·nH 2 O where M is Cr or Fe, X is OH or F, BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, and n is about 25.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises groundwater, and the MOF comprises Fe 3 X(H 2 O) 2 O(BDC) 3 ·nH 2 O where X is OH or F, BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, and n is about 25.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite sorbent comprises a MOF and the MOF is redox-active.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite sorbent comprises a photocatalyst and the method further comprises exposing the PFAS-sorbent to light having a wavelength effective to excite the photocatalyst, thereby degrading the PFAS.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises rhenium (II) dimethylphosphinoethane or a salt thereof.
16. The method of claim 14 , where the photocatalyst comprises a polyoxometalate.
17. The method of claim 16 , where the polyoxometalate comprises α-HP 3 M 12 O 40 ·6 H 2 O, where M is W, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, or any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PFAS comprises a PFAS of Table 1 or any combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite sorbent is attached to a support.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the support is a carbon nanotube, a carbon fiber, a polymer particulate, granular carbon, or a zeolite.