Three-phase differential mode converter

1. A power module comprising:

an input configured to receive alternating current (AC) from a three-phase AC power source;

a first sub-module configured to receive a first phase of an AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the first phase of the AC signal to provide a first output signal;

a second sub-module configured to receive a second phase of the AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the second phase of the AC signal to provide a second output signal;

a third sub-module configured to receive a third phase of the AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the third phase of the AC signal to provide a third output signal; and

an output configured to deliver to a battery, as a direct current (DC) output, combined first, second, and third output signals,

wherein:

the first, second, and third sub-modules are configured in a differential mode converter, and

line inductance is integrated into each of the first, second, and third sub-modules, the line inductance comprising an air-gapless integrated magnetic array having a plurality of discrete inductors each penetrating the core of its neighbor or neighbors.

2. A power module according to claim 1 , wherein the first, second, and third sub-modules cooperate to perform single stage conversion of the AC signal to the DC signal.

3. A power module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, and third sub-modules comprises a semiconductor switching device modulating the respective phase of the AC signal.

4. A power module according to claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor switching device is a wide- or narrow-bandgap insulated gate device.

5. A power module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, and third sub-modules is configured to modulate the respective phase of the AC signal using a discontinuous modulation scheme.

6. A power module according to claim 1 , wherein the AC-side protection comprises, for each phase of the three-phase AC power source, a metal-oxide varistor coupled at a first terminal to the respective line voltage for the phase and at a second terminal to a chassis ground of the AC power source.

7. A power module according to claim 1 , wherein the efficiency of the power module exceeds 95 percent.

8. A power module comprising:

an input configured to receive alternating current (AC) from a three-phase AC power source;

a first sub-module configured to receive a first phase of an AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the first phase of the AC signal to provide a first output signal;

a second sub-module configured to receive a second phase of the AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the second phase of the AC signal to provide a second output signal;

a third sub-module configured to receive a third phase of the AC signal provided by the AC power source, and to modulate the third phase of the AC signal to provide a third output signal;

an output configured to deliver to a battery, as a direct current (DC) output, combined first, second, and third output signals; and

fault response circuitry configured to coordinate a fault control response of AC-side protection, DC-side protection, and protection of switching components performing the modulation,

wherein:

the first, second, and third sub-modules are configured in a differential mode converter, and

the fault response circuitry comprises:

first protection components configured to monitor the switching components, to cause the switching components to stop operating when over-voltage, undervoltage, and/or overcurrent conditions are detected or when a global fault signal is detected, and to output a first fault signal when any of the over-voltage, undervoltage, and/or overcurrent condition is detected;

second protection components configured to monitor the AC-side of the power module between the AC power source and the switching components of the first, second, and third sub-modules, to cause one or more AC-side protection components to activate when an AC-side fault is detected or when the global fault signal is detected, and to output a second fault signal when the AC-side fault is detected;

third protection components configured to monitor the DC-side of the power module between the first, second, and third sub-modules and the battery, to cause one or more DC-side protection components to activate when a DC-side fault is detected or when the global fault signal is detected, and to output a third fault signal when the DC-side fault is detected; and

coordination circuitry configured to receive the first, second, and third fault signals, and to output the global fault signal when any of the first, second, or third fault signals is detected.

9. A power module according to claim 8 , wherein line inductance is integrated into each of the first, second, and third sub-modules.

10. A power module according to claim 9 , wherein the line inductance comprises an air-gapless integrated magnetic array.

11. A power module according to claim 10 , wherein the integrated magnetic array comprises a plurality of discrete inductors each penetrating the core of its neighbor or neighbors.

12. A power module according to claim 10 , wherein the integrated magnetic array comprises a plurality of discrete inductors coupled in a manner resulting in elimination of any airgap in cores of the discrete inductors.

13. A power module according to claim 9 , wherein the line inductance comprises one or more inductors having a high-permeability core material.

14. A power module according to claim 8 , wherein the AC-side protection comprises, for each phase of the three-phase AC power source, an AC relay configured as a circuit breaker.

15. A power module according to claim 8 , wherein the AC-side protection comprises, for each phase of the three-phase AC power source, a fuse.

16. A power module according to claim 8 , wherein the DC-side protection comprises one or more of the group consisting of: an earth-fault relay a reverse current protection diode, and a metal-oxide varistor coupled to a first terminal of the DC output and to a second terminal of the DC output.

17. A power module according to claim 8 , wherein the fault response circuitry comprises one or more of the group consisting of: overvoltage protection, undervoltage lockout protection, and overcurrent protection.