Integrated welding and thermal processing joining method for creep strength enhanced ferritic steels
An integrated welding and thermal processing method includes heating adjoining surfaces, at least one of which is a creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steel alloy, to a sufficiently high temperature above their melting points to form a weld. The weld is allowed cool below the martensitic start temperature of one or both CSEF alloys. Thereafter, a supplemental heat source tempers the CSEF alloys by reheating the weld area at a rate of 10° C. per second or greater to above the CSEF alloys' martensitic start temperatures, but not above the austenitization temperature of the CSEF alloys. After the weld's heat affected zone is maintained at a temperature between the CSEF alloys' martensitic finish temperature and martensitic start temperature, the weld is allowed to cool at a rate of 15° C. per minute or greater.
1 . A method of forming a weld comprising the steps of:
providing a first surface of a creep resistant alloy having a carbon content equal or greater than 0.07% by weight, having a chromium content of 8.0%-12% by weight, and having a molybdenum (Mo) or vanadium (V) or tungsten (W) or tantalum (Ta) content or combination thereof of 0.85% or greater by weight;
providing a second surface of a weldable alloy;
positioning said first surface adjacent to said second surface;
welding said first surface to said second surface by applying a first heat source to said first surface and said second surface to heat said first surface and second surface to a sufficiently high temperature above their melting points to form a weld;
cooling said weld to below the martensitic start temperature of said first surface creep resistant alloy but before said weld cools below said first surface's creep resistant alloy's martensitic finish temperature;
tempering said weld subsequent to said step of cooling, said tempering including heating said weld at a rate of 10° C. per second or greater to above said first surface's creep resistant alloy's martensitic start temperature but to not above the austenitization temperature of said first surface's creep resistant alloy;
maintaining the weld at a temperature between said first surface's creep resistant alloys' austenitization start temperature and martensitic start temperature for a sufficient amount of time to transform the weld and heat affected zone of said first surface into tempered martensite; and
cooling said weld at a rate of 15° C. per minute or greater after transforming the weld and heat affected zone of said first surface into tempered martensite.
2 . The method of forming a weld of claim 1 wherein:
said second surface of a creep resistant alloy having a carbon content equal or greater than 0.07% by weight, having a chromium content of 8.0%-12% by weight, and having a molybdenum (Mo) or vanadium (V) or tungsten (W) or tantalum (Ta) content or combination thereof of 0.85% or greater by weight;
said step of cooling said weld includes cooling said weld to below the martensitic start temperatures for both of said creep resistant alloys but before said weld cools below said martensitic finish temperatures of both of said creep resistant alloys;
tempering said weld subsequent to said step of cooling includes heating said weld at a rate of 10° C. per second or greater to above both said first and second surfaces' creep resistant alloys' martensitic start temperatures but to not above the austenitization temperature for both of said creep resistant alloys; and
said step of maintaining the weld at a temperature also includes maintaining the weld at a temperature between said second surface's creep resistant alloys' austenitization start temperature and martensitic start temperature for a sufficient amount of time to transform the weld and heat affected zones of said second surface into tempered martensite; and
said step of cooling said weld at a rate of 15° C. per minute or greater occurs after transforming the weld and heat affected zone of both said first surface and said second surface into tempered martensite.
3 . The method of forming a weld of claim 2 wherein said first surface of a creep resistant alloy and said second surface of a creep resistant alloy are a Grade 91 or Grade 92 creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steel.
4 . The method of forming a weld of claim 2 wherein said first surface of a creep resistant alloy and said second surface of a creep resistant alloy are reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels.
5 . The method of forming a weld of claim 2 wherein said first surface's creep resistant alloy and said second surface's creep resistant alloy are the same creep resistant alloy.
6 . The method of forming a weld of claim 2 wherein said first surface, said second surface and said weld form the longitudinal seam of a pipe.
7 . The method of forming a weld of claim 1 wherein said step of tempering including heating said weld at a rate of 10° C. per second or greater includes induction heating.
8 . The method of forming a weld of claim 1 wherein said step of tempering including heating said weld at a rate of 10° C. per second or greater includes use of a laser.
9 . The method of forming a weld of claim 1 wherein said first surface of a creep resistant alloy is Grade 91 or Grade 92 creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steel.
10 . The method of forming a weld of claim 1 wherein said first surface of a creep resistant alloy is reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steel.