Large mass MEMS resonant beam accelerometer
A resonant beam accelerometer employing a pair of double ended tuning forks and a proof mass having meso-scale mass as it is formed in the handle layer of a SOI wafer and a method of fabricating same is disclosed. The resonant frequencies of the pair of double ended tuning forks change in opposite directions when an externally applied acceleration is in a direction parallel to the pair of double ended tuning forks. Due to the proof mass having meso-scale mass, the resonant beam accelerometer is very sensitive. By employing a lid and a stator cap, the active portions of the resonant beam accelerometer may be sealed in a vacuum to further increase sensitivity.
1. A resonant beam accelerometer comprising:
a central anchor column, the central anchor column formed of a handle layer and a device layer;
a proof mass, the proof mass formed of the handle layer, the proof mass located around the central anchor column;
first and second resonant beam structures, the first and second resonant beam structures formed of the device layer, the first and second resonant beam structures located along an acceleration measurement axis, the acceleration measurement axis perpendicular to the central anchor column, the first and second resonant beam structures mechanically coupled between the central axis column and the proof mass, each of the first and second resonant beam structures adapted to resonate at respective first and second resonant frequencies, the first and second resonant frequencies being a function of an externally applied acceleration in a direction parallel to the acceleration measurement axis;
a plurality of proof mass flexures, the plurality of proof mass flexures formed of the handle layer, each of the plurality of proof mass flexures mechanically coupled between the central axis column and the proof mass, the plurality of proof mass flexures adapted to permit motion of the proof mass along the acceleration measurement axis with respect to the central anchor column;
first and second drivers, the first and second drivers formed of the device layer, the first and second drivers adapted to cause respective ones of the first and second resonant beam structures to resonate at respective first and second resonant frequencies; and
first and second sensors, the first and second sensors formed of the device layer, the first and second sensors adapted to sense changes in respective first and second resonant frequencies.
2. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 ,
wherein the handle layer includes silicon; and
wherein the handle layer has a thickness between approximately 500 μm and 1 mm.
3. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 ,
wherein the device layer includes silicon; and
wherein the device layer has a thickness between approximately 10 μm and 100 μm.
4. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein each side of the proof mass has a length between approximately 2 mm and 25 mm.
5. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein the first and second resonant beam structures include respective first and second double ended tuning forks, the first and second double ended tuning forks include respective first and second pairs of arms.
6. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 5 ,
wherein a width of each of the first and second pairs of arms is between approximately 1 μm and 30 μm; and
wherein a length of each of the first and second pairs of arms is between approximately 400 μm and 4 mm.
7. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second resonant frequencies is between approximately 1 kHz and 100 kHz.
8. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of the proof mass flexures includes a respective plurality of flexure arms.
9. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 8 ,
wherein a width of each of the plurality of flexure arms is between approximately 15 μm and 200 μm; and
wherein a length of each of the plurality flexure arms is between approximately 500 μm and 6 mm.
10. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second drivers includes a respective pair of comb drivers.
11. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second sensors includes a respective pair of comb sensors, each of the first and second sensors adapted to sense a respective frequency change in capacitance.
12. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 1 , further comprising a frame, the frame formed of the handle layer and the device layer, the frame located around a periphery of the proof mass.
13. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 12 , wherein the frame has a width between approximately 100 μm and 1 mm.
14. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 12 , further comprising a stator plate, the stator plate formed of a second handle layer, the stator plate including a stator central mesa and a stator frame, the stator central mesa bonded to a bottom point of the central anchor column, and the stator frame bonded to the frame.
15. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 12 , further comprising a lid, the lid formed of a third handle layer, the lid including a cap central mesa and a cap frame, the cap central mesa bonded to a top point of the central anchor column, and the cap frame bonded to the frame.
16. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 15 , wherein the lid further includes:
a plurality of contacts, each of the plurality of contacts in electrical contact with a corresponding one of the first and second drivers and the first and second sensors;
a plurality of traces, each of the plurality of traces in electrical contact with a corresponding one of the plurality of contacts; and
a plurality of bond pads, each of the plurality of bonds pads in electrical contact with a corresponding one of the plurality of traces.
17. The resonant beam accelerometer of claim 12 , further comprising:
a stator plate, the stator plate formed of a second handle layer, the stator plate including a stator central mesa and a stator frame, the stator central mesa bonded to a bottom point of the central anchor column, and the stator frame bonded to the frame; and
a lid, the lid formed of a third handle layer, the lid including a cap central mesa and a cap frame, the cap central mesa bonded to a top point of the central anchor column, and the cap frame bonded to the frame.