Biofouling resistant coatings and methods of making and using the same

1. A compound comprising: 1) a monomer having the structure:

and

2) a zwitterionic monomer having the structure of formula (V):

wherein

A 3 is independently selected from —C(═O)—, —S(═O)—, —S(═O) 2 —, and —S(═O)(═NR 3c )—;

B 3 is independently selected from —O— and —NR 3c —;

D is —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OR 9a , —C(═O)O − , or —C(═O)OR 9a ;

Z 2 is —(CR 6c R 6d ) t —;

Z 3 is —(CR 6c R 6d ) p —;

each R 3b is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and optionally substituted benzyl;

each R 3c and R 3d is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, —X—, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, and optionally substituted aryl;

each R 6c and R 6d is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CN, —OR 9a , optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, —NR 3c R 3d , —S(═O) 2 O—, —S(═O) 2 OR 9a , —C(═O)O—, and —C(═O)OR 9a ;

X is —C(═O)—, —S(═O)—, or —S(═O) 2 —;

each R 9a , R 12a , R 12b , and R 12c is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl;

t is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and

p is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 6c and R 6d is independently selected from hydrogen and —CH 3 .

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic monomer having the structure of formula (V) comprises sulfobetaine.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic monomer having the structure of formula (V) is

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises perfluorophenylazide methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a random copolymer.

7. A biofouling resistant coating comprising the compound of claim 1 .

8. The biofouling resistant coating of claim 7 , wherein the biofouling resistant coating is grafted to a surface of a medical device.

9. A medical device having a surface grafted with the compound of claim 1 .

10. The medical device of claim 9 , wherein the medical device comprises an implant, an IV, a prosthesis, a suturing material, a valve, a stent, a catheter, a rod, a shunt, a scope, a contact lens, a tubing, a wiring, an electrode, a clip, a fastener, a syringe, a container for storage of one or more other medical devices, or a combination thereof.

11. The medical device of claim 10 , wherein the medical device comprises the tubing.

12. The medical device of claim 9 , wherein the medical device exhibits reduced bacterial cell adhesion.