Plasminogen for use in treating and preventing lung dysfunction
The present invention relates to plasminogen for use in a method for treating or preventing lung dysfunction associated with the formation of hyaline membranes in a patient, wherein the patient is preferably further administered with at least one plasminogen activator.
1 . A method for treating or preventing lung dysfunction in a patient with formed hyaline membranes, wherein the patient with formed hyaline membranes is administered with sufficient amounts of Glu-plasminogen by inhalation.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is further administered with at least one plasminogen activator.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one plasminogen activator is selected from the group consisting of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), streptokinase, and combinations of two or more thereof.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the patient is administered with one or more doses each in the range of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight of the Glu-plasminogen and one or more doses each in the range of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight of the at least one plasminogen activator.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is:
(a) administered at least once with a dose of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight of the Glu-plasminogen and at least once with a dose of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight of the at least one plasminogen activator during a treatment period; and subsequently
(b) the level of plasminogen and the at least one plasminogen activator in the blood of the patient is determined in a step (i) and, in case the determined level of plasminogen is at least 10% (mol/mol) lower in comparison to the average level found throughout population of the same species, the patient is administered with a sufficient amount of Glu-plasminogen and optionally a sufficient amount of the at least one plasminogen activator for treating or preventing the lung dysfunction in a further step (ii); and optionally
(c) steps (i) and (ii) are conducted repeatedly as long as the level of plasminogen determined in step (i) is at least 10% (mol/mol) lower in comparison to the average level found throughout population of the same species.
6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the patient is administered with both the Glu-plasminogen and the at least one plasminogen activator once per day for a time period of three or more days.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient suffers from pneumonia associated with the formation of hyaline membranes.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lung dysfunction is associated with a viral or bacterial infection of the lung or is associated with the pathologic formation of hyaline membranes in the lung of newborns.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lung dysfunction is associated with a deficient lung surfactant.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the Glu-plasminogen administered to the patient has no proteolytic activity.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the Glu-plasminogen is administered in a combination of Glu-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen and optionally one or more other plasminogen derivatives.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has a plasminogen deficiency.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the plasminogen deficiency is acquired plasminogen deficiency or innate plasminogen deficiency.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the plasminogen deficiency is acquired plasminogen deficiency caused by increased plasminogen consumption, decreased biosynthesis of plasminogen, or a combination of both.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is administered according to one of the following administration schemes:
(i) administration by inhalation with the Glu-plasminogen and administration by inhalation with at least one plasminogen activator;
(ii) administration by inhalation with the Glu-plasminogen and parenteral administration with at least one plasminogen activator; or
(iii) a sequential combination of two or more of (i) and (ii);
wherein the Glu-plasminogen and the at least one plasminogen activator are both administered to the patient within one hour.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is administered according to one of the following administration schemes:
(i) administration by inhalation of the Glu-plasminogen and administration by inhalation of at least one plasminogen activator; or
(ii) administration by inhalation of the Glu-plasminogen and intravenous administration of at least one plasminogen activator.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is administered with a Glu-plasminogen dose suitable to replace not more than 50%, of the normal plasminogen amount in the plasma compartment, wherein the normal plasminogen amount is compared to an average level found throughout a healthy population of the same species.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is further administered a pharmaceutical compound selected from the group consisting of anticoagulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory steroidal agents, interferon beta, antiviral agents, antibiotics, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nucleoside analogues, nucleotide analogues, perfluorocarbon, and a combination of two or more thereof.
19 . The method of 1 , wherein the lung dysfunction associated with the formation of hyaline membranes is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), or hyaline membrane disease (HMD).
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lung dysfunction associated with the formation of hyaline membranes is associated with a viral or bacterial infection of the lung.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the viral infection is selected from the group consisting of infections with influenza viridae, adenovirus, or cytomegalic virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), hantaviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), measles virus, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), smallpox virus, dengue virus, and a combination of two or more thereof.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lung dysfunction is a deficiency of lung surfactant in a preterm newborn or in a patient suffering from a chronic inflammatory lung disease.
23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient bears a Glu-plasminogen deficiency.
24 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has a lower blood level of plasminogen than the average blood level of plasminogen found throughout a population of the same species.